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major-bidi; = mso-themecolor: accent1 } SPAN.Balk4Char { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #4f81bd; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: = "Cambria","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times = New Roman"; mso-style-link: "Ba=FEl=FDk 4"; mso-fareast-theme-font: = major-fareast; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; = mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: "Ba=FEl=FDk 4 = Char"; mso-style-locked: yes; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; = mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; = mso-themecolor: accent1 } P.node-unpublished { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #fff4f4; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: = "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-style-name: node-unpublished } LI.node-unpublished { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #fff4f4; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: = 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breadcrumb } LI.breadcrumb { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: breadcrumb } DIV.breadcrumb { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: breadcrumb } P.error { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: #ee5555; FONT-FAMILY: = "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-style-name: error } LI.error { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: #ee5555; FONT-FAMILY: = "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-style-name: error } DIV.error { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: #ee5555; FONT-FAMILY: 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mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-radios } LI.form-radios { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-radios } DIV.form-radios { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-radios } P.marker { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times = New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: marker } LI.marker { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times = New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: marker } DIV.marker { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times = New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: marker } P.form-required { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times = New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = form-required } LI.form-required { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times = New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = form-required } DIV.form-required { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "Times = New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = form-required } P.more-link { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; 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LI.profile { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: profile } DIV.profile { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: profile } P.forum-topic-navigation { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt = 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium = none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = forum-topic-navigation; mso-border-top-alt: solid #888888 .75pt; = mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #888888 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm = 6.0pt 0cm } LI.forum-topic-navigation { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt = 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium = none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = forum-topic-navigation; mso-border-top-alt: solid #888888 .75pt; = mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #888888 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 0cm = 6.0pt 0cm } DIV.forum-topic-navigation { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt = 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium = none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: 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mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: field; = mso-padding-alt: 2.0pt 2.0pt 2.0pt 2.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #333333 = .75pt } DIV.field { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: field; = mso-padding-alt: 2.0pt 2.0pt 2.0pt 2.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #333333 = .75pt } P.with-featured { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = with-featured } LI.with-featured { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = with-featured } DIV.with-featured { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = with-featured } P.no-featured { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-featured } LI.no-featured { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-featured } DIV.no-featured { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-featured } P.with-sidebar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: with-sidebar } LI.with-sidebar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: with-sidebar } DIV.with-sidebar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: with-sidebar } P.no-sidebar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-sidebar } LI.no-sidebar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-sidebar } DIV.no-sidebar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-sidebar } P.topics { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: topics } LI.topics { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: topics } DIV.topics { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: topics } P.posts { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: posts } LI.posts { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: posts } DIV.posts { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: posts } P.last-reply { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: last-reply } LI.last-reply { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: last-reply } DIV.last-reply { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: last-reply } P.created { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: created } LI.created { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: created } DIV.created { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: created } P.node { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt = 0cm 15pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: = medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: = no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: node; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #CCCCCC = .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm } LI.node { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt = 0cm 15pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: = medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: = no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: node; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #CCCCCC = .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm } DIV.node { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt = 0cm 15pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: = medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: = no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: node; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted #CCCCCC = .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm } P.messages { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 7.5pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: messages } LI.messages { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 7.5pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: messages } DIV.messages { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 7.5pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: messages } P.status { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #dae7f1; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; COLOR: #3c78a7; = PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: status; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid #C8DBEA .75pt } LI.status { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #dae7f1; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; COLOR: #3c78a7; = PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: status; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid #C8DBEA .75pt } DIV.status { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #dae7f1; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; COLOR: #3c78a7; = PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: status; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid #C8DBEA .75pt } P.comment { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #edf3f8; MARGIN: 7.5pt 0cm 0pt; = FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: comment } LI.comment { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #edf3f8; MARGIN: 7.5pt 0cm 0pt; = FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: comment } DIV.comment { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #edf3f8; MARGIN: 7.5pt 0cm 0pt; = FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: comment } P.comment-header { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #dae7f1; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = comment-header; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #C8DBEA .75pt; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm } LI.comment-header { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #dae7f1; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = comment-header; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #C8DBEA .75pt; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm } DIV.comment-header { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: #dae7f1; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = comment-header; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #C8DBEA .75pt; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm } P.clearfloat { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: clearfloat } LI.clearfloat { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: clearfloat } DIV.clearfloat { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: clearfloat } P.category { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: category; = mso-border-top-alt: solid #333333 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 4.0pt 0cm 0cm = 0cm } LI.category { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: category; = mso-border-top-alt: solid #333333 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 4.0pt 0cm 0cm = 0cm } DIV.category { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: category; = mso-border-top-alt: solid #333333 6.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 4.0pt 0cm 0cm = 0cm } P.form-text { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-text } LI.form-text { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-text } DIV.form-text { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-text } P.standard { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: standard } LI.standard { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: standard } DIV.standard { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: standard } P.icon { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: icon } LI.icon { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: icon } DIV.icon { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: icon } P.title { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: title } LI.title { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: title } DIV.title { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: title } P.description { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: description } LI.description { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: description } DIV.description { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: description } P.pager { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: pager } LI.pager { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: pager } DIV.pager { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: pager } P.grippie { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: grippie } LI.grippie { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: grippie } DIV.grippie { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: grippie } P.bar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: bar } LI.bar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: bar } DIV.bar { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: bar } P.filled { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: filled } LI.filled { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: filled } DIV.filled { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: filled } P.throbber { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: throbber } LI.throbber { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: throbber } DIV.throbber { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: throbber } P.picture { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: picture } LI.picture { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: picture } DIV.picture { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: picture } P.topic-previous { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = topic-previous } LI.topic-previous { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = topic-previous } DIV.topic-previous { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: = topic-previous } P.topic-next { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: topic-next } LI.topic-next { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: topic-next } DIV.topic-next { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: topic-next } P.content { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: content } LI.content { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: content } DIV.content { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: content } P.links { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: links } LI.links { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: links } DIV.links { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: links } P.author-data { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: author-data } LI.author-data { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: author-data } DIV.author-data { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: author-data } P.comment-main { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: comment-main } LI.comment-main { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: comment-main } DIV.comment-main { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: comment-main } P.submitted { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: submitted } LI.submitted { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: submitted } DIV.submitted { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: submitted } P.new { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: new } LI.new { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: new } DIV.new { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: new } P.handle 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mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-js } DIV.no-js { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: no-js } P.js-hide { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: js-hide } LI.js-hide { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: js-hide } DIV.js-hide { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: js-hide } P.access-type { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: 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mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: rule-type } DIV.rule-type { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: rule-type } P.mask { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: mask } LI.mask { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: mask } DIV.mask { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: mask } P.breadcrumbs { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times 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mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-style-name: title1 } DIV.title1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: = "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-style-name: title1 } P.form-item1 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-item1 } LI.form-item1 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-item1 } DIV.form-item1 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-item1 } P.form-item2 { 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mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: description1 } DIV.description1 { FONT-SIZE: 10pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: description1 } P.form-item3 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 4.8pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-item3 } LI.form-item3 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 4.8pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-item3 } DIV.form-item3 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 4.8pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New = Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: form-item3 } 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LI.bar1 { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 2.4pt 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: bar1; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid #00375A .75pt } DIV.bar1 { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; BACKGROUND: white; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 2.4pt 0pt; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; = mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; = mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: bar1; = mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid #00375A .75pt } P.filled1 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mso-style-name: breadcrumbs1 } DIV.breadcrumbs1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; COLOR: = #333333; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; = mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New = Roman"; mso-style-name: breadcrumbs1 } P.content1 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: = "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: content1 } LI.content1 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: = "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; = mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-style-name: content1 } DIV.content1 { FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 11.25pt 0cm; FONT-FAMILY: = "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-style-unhide: no; mso-pagination: = widow-orphan; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New 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Bu sayede karma=FE=FDk devrelerin = i=FEleyi=FElerinin =E7=F6z=FCm=FCn=FCn daha=20 kolay anla=FE=FDlabilmesine olanak sa=F0lan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu b=F6l=FCmde anlat=FDlan temel kumanda = elemanlar=FD=20 =FEunlard=FDr;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Butonlar=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; 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MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">S=FDn=FDr = Anahtarlar=FD=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">R=F6leler=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">Kontakt=F6rler=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm R=F6leleri=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Zaman = R=F6leleri=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Valfler=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">Termostatlar=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket = =FEalterler=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2 BUTONLAR</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Elektrik ak=FDm=FDn=FDn ge=E7ip ge=E7memesini, = y=F6n de=F0i=FEtirmesini=20 sa=F0layan elemanlard=FDr. Bu elemanlar=FDn kontaklar=FDndan ak=FDm = ge=E7er. Normalde a=E7=FDk=20 kontakl=FD bir anahtardan ak=FDm ge=E7mez. Butona basarak kontak = kapand=FD=F0=FDnda ak=FDm=20 ge=E7ebilir. Normalde kapal=FD kontakl=FD bir elemandan ak=FDm ge=E7er. = Butona basarak=20 kontak a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda ak=FDm ge=E7i=FEi = durur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.1 Yap=FDlar=FDna G=F6re = Butonlar</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.1.1 Normalde A=E7=FDk Kontakl=FD = Buton</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu elemana k=FDsaca ba=FElatma (start) butonu = ad=FD=20 verilebilir. Butona bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda kontak kapanarak devre = tamamlan=FDr. Buton=20 serbest b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda ise kontak tekrar eski konumuna=20 d=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml = 1]><v:shapetype=20 id=3D_x0000_t75 coordsize =3D "21600,21600" o:preferrelative =3D "t" = o:spt =3D "75"=20 filled =3D "f" stroked =3D "f" path =3D " m@4@5 l@4@11@9@11@9@5 = xe"><v:stroke=20 joinstyle =3D "miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn =3D=20 "if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0 "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D "sum @0 1 0 = "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D=20 "sum 0 0 @1 "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D "prod @2 1 2 "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D=20 "prod @3 21600 pixelWidth "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D=20 "prod @3 21600 pixelHeight "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D "sum @0 0 1 "></v:f><v:f = eqn =3D=20 "prod @6 1 2 "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D "prod @7 21600 pixelWidth "></v:f><v:f = eqn =3D=20 "sum @8 21600 0 "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D "prod @7 21600 pixelHeight = "></v:f><v:f eqn =3D=20 "sum @10 21600 0 "></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:extrusionok =3D "f"=20 gradientshapeok =3D "t" o:connecttype =3D "rect"></v:path><o:lock = aspectratio=3D"t"=20 v:ext=3D"edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_7=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 92.25pt; HEIGHT: 32.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1207" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image001.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D123 height=3D43 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image001.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_7"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.1 Ba=FElatma butonu = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_8=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1206" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image002.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D113 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image002.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_8"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.2 Ba=FElatma = butonu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_9=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 187.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1205" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image003.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D400 height=3D250 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image003.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_9"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.3 Ba=FElatma butonunun devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.1.2 Normalde Kapal=FD Kontakl=FD = Buton</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu elemana k=FDsaca durdurma (stop) butonu = ad=FD verilebilir.=20 Butona bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda kontak a=E7=FDlarak devre ak=FDm=FD kesilir. = Buton serbest=20 b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda tekrar eski konumuna = d=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_10=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 92.25pt; HEIGHT: 20.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1204" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image004.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D123 height=3D27 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image004.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_10"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.4 Durdurma butonu = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_11=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1203" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image005.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D113 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image005.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_11"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.5 Durdurma = butonu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_12=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 187.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1202" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image006.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D400 height=3D250 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image006.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_12"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.6 Durdurma butonunun devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Biri normalde kapal=FD, di=F0eri normalde = a=E7=FDk iki adet=20 konta=F0a sahip olan butondur. Butona kuvvet uyguland=FD=F0=FDnda = kontaklar yer=20 de=F0i=FEtirir. Bir i=FEleme son verirken,di=F0er bir i=FElemi = ba=FElatmak istenen yerlerde=20 kullan=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.1.3 =C7ift Yollu Buton</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Biri normalde kapal=FD, di=F0eri normalde = a=E7=FDk iki adet=20 konta=F0a sahip olan butondur. Butona kuvvet uyguland=FD=F0=FDnda = kontaklar yer=20 de=F0i=FEtirir. Bir i=FEleme son verirken,di=F0er bir i=FElemi = ba=FElatmak istenen yerlerde=20 kullan=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_13=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 92.25pt; HEIGHT: 32.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1201" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image001.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D123 height=3D43 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image001.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_13"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.7 =C7ift Yollu buton = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_14=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1200" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image007.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D113 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image007.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_14"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.8 =C7ift yollu = buton<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_15=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 337.5pt; HEIGHT: 225pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1199" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image008.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D450 height=3D300 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image008.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_15"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.9 =C7ift yollu butonun devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.1.4 Ortak U=E7lu Buton (Jog = Buton)</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Butonun normal konumunda 1-2 = ba=F0lant=FDlar=FDndan ak=FDm=20 ge=E7mektedir. Butona kuvvet uyguland=FD=F0=FDnda devre 1-4 = ba=F0lant=FDlar=FD =FCzerinden=20 tamamlan=FDr. Buton serbest b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda normal konumuna = d=F6ner. =C7ift yollu=20 butondan fark=FD, 1 numaral=FD ucun ortak = olmas=FDd=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_16=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 92.25pt; HEIGHT: 32.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1198" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image009.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D123 height=3D43 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image009.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_16"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.10 Jog buton = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_17=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1197" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image010.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D113 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image010.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_17"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.11 Jog butonu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_18=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 337.5pt; HEIGHT: 225pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1196" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image011.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D450 height=3D300 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image011.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_18"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.12 Jog butonunun devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.2 =C7al=FD=FEma =DEekillerine G=F6re = Butonlar</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.2.1 Kal=FDc=FD Buton = (Anahtar)</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kal=FDc=FD butona bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, buton = durumunu de=F0i=FEtirir.=20 Kal=FDc=FD buton serbest b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, normal konumuna = d=F6nmez. Yani bas=FDld=FD=F0=FD=20 =FEekilde kal=FDr. Ba=FEka bir kumanda eleman=FD kal=FDc=FD butonu = tekrar normal konumuna=20 d=F6nd=FCr=FCr. Bu eleman bir a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi veya bir = durdurma butonu=20 olabilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_19=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 73.5pt; HEIGHT: 69pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1195" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image012.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D98 height=3D92 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image012.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_19"><![endif]><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_20=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 92.25pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1194" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image013.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D123 height=3D23 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image013.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_20"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.13 Kal=FDc=FD tip butonun devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.2.2.2 Ani Temasl=FD Buton</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ani temasl=FD butona bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, = buton durumunu=20 de=F0i=FEtirir. Serbest b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, ani temasl=FD buton = otomatik olarak normal=20 konumuna d=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.3 ANAHTARLAR</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">En =E7ok kullan=FDlan kumanda = elemanlar=FDd=FDr. Anahtarlar=FDn=20 butondan fark=FD kal=FDc=FD tipte olmas=FDd=FDr. =DEekil 1.14=92teki = anahtar normalde a=E7=FDk=20 konumda kullan=FDlmaktad=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_21=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 96.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1193" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image014.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D129 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image014.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_21"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.14 Anahtar = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_22=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 300pt; HEIGHT: 225pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1192" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image015.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D400 height=3D300 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image015.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_22"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.15 Anahtar<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_23=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 92.25pt; HEIGHT: 32.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1191" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image016.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D123 height=3D43 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image016.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_23"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.16 Anahtar=FDn devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.4 LAMBALAR</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kumanda devrelerinde en =E7ok kullan=FDlan = elemanlar sinyal=20 lambalar=FDd=FDr. Sinyal lambalar=FDn=FDn g=F6vdelerine neon veya akkor = telli lamba=20 tak=FDl=FDr. Neon lambalar 220 V gibi y=FCksek gerilimli kumanda = devrelerinde, ak kor=20 telli lambalar ise 36 V gibi d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimli kumanda devrelerinde = kullan=FDl=FDrlar.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_24=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 113.25pt; HEIGHT: 88.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1190" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image017.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D151 height=3D118 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image017.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_24"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.17 Lamba  = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_25=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 337.5pt; HEIGHT: 240pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1189" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image018.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D450 height=3D320 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image018.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_25"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.18 Lamba<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_26=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 81pt; HEIGHT: 96pt; mso-wrap-style: = square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1188" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image019.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D108 height=3D128 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image019.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_26"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.19 Lambalar=FDn devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Sinyal lambalar=FD genellikle eletrik = tablolar=FDna=20 ba=F0lanacak =FEekilde yap=FDl=FDrlar. Bu ba=F0lamada, sinyal = lambas=FDn=FDn g=F6vdesi tablonun=20 arka taraf=FDnda kal=FDr. Sinyal lambas=FDn=FDn bombeli ve renkli cam=FD = tablonun =F6n=20 y=FCz=FCnde bulunur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.5 SINIR ANAHTARLARI</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Hareketli ayg=FDtlarda bir hareketi durdurup = ba=FEka bir=20 hareketi ba=FElatan ve ayg=FDt=FDn hareket eden eleman=FD taraf=FDndan = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlan=20 kumanda eleman=FDna s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD denir. Yap=FDlar=FDna g=F6re = s=FDn=FDr anahtarlar=FD,=20 makaral=FD, pimli ve manyetik olmak =FCzere =FC=E7 k=FDs=FDma = ayr=FDl=FDr. =DEekil 1.20=92de ger=E7ek=20 s=FDn=FDr anahtarlar=FD, =DEekil 1.21=92de de devre sembolleri=20 g=F6r=FClmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_27=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 169.5pt; HEIGHT: 98.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1187" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image020.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D226 height=3D131 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image020.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_27"><![endif]><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_28=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 449.25pt; HEIGHT: 262.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1186" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image021.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D599 height=3D350 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image021.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_28"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.20 S=FDn=FDr = anahtarlar=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_29=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 363pt; HEIGHT: 204pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1185" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image022.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D484 height=3D272 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image022.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_29"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.21 S=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD = simgeleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.5.1 Makaral=FD S=FDn=FDr = Anahtar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayg=FDt=FDn genellikle sabit k=FDsm=FDna = ba=F0lan=FDrlar. Ayg=FDt=FDn=20 hareketli k=FDsm=FDnda bulunan bir =E7=FDk=FDnt=FD, s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FDn=FDn makaras=FDna=20 =E7arpt=FD=F0=FDnda, s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FDn=FDn durumunu de=F0i=FEtirir. = S=FDn=FDr anahtar=FDnda bulunan=20 kapal=FD kontaklar a=E7=FDl=FDr, a=E7=FDk kontaklar kapan=FDr. S=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FDndaki bu durum=20 de=F0i=FEikli=F0i de ayg=FDt=FD durdurur veya ayg=FDt=FDn = =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_30=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 390pt; HEIGHT: 213pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1184" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image023.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D520 height=3D284 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image023.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_30"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.22 Makaral=FD s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.5.2 Pimli S=FDn=FDr = Anahtar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayg=FDt=FDn genellikle ayg=FDt=FDn sabit = k=FDsm=FDna ba=F0lan=FDrlar.=20 Ayg=FDt=FDn hareketli k=FDsm=FDnda bulunan bir =E7=FDk=FDnt=FD s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FDn=FDn pimine=20 =E7arpt=FD=F0=FDnda, s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FDn=FDn durum de=F0i=FEtirmesine = neden olur. S=FDn=FDr=20 anahtar=FDnda bulunan kapal=FD kontaklar a=E7=FDl=FDr, a=E7=FDk = kontaklar kapan=FDr. Kontaklar=FDn=20 durum de=F0i=FEtirmesi, ayg=FDt=FD durdurur veya ayg=FDtta yeni bir = hareketi ba=FElat=FDr.=20 Pimli s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FDnda pimin hareket kursunun uygun = b=FCy=FCkl=FCkte olmas=FD gerekir.=20 Aksi takdirde ayg=FDt=FDn hareketli par=E7as=FD, anahtar=FDn kursu kadar = olan mesafede=20 duramaz.Hareketli par=E7a s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FDn=FDn par=E7alanmas=FDna = neden olur.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_31=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1183" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image024.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D113 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image024.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_31"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.22 Pimli s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.5.3 Manyetik  S=FDn=FDr = Anahtar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Makaral=FD ve pimli s=FDn=FDr anahtarlar=FD = mekanik bir hareketle=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar. Yani mekanik bir hareket bu =E7e=FEit s=FDn=FDr = anahtarlar=FDn=FDn konumunu=20 de=F0i=FEtirir. Manyetik s=FDn=FDr anahtarlar=FDnda ise bu durum = farkl=FDd=FDr. Bu s=FDn=FDr=20 anahtar=FD sabit m=FDknat=FDs ve kontak blo=F0u olmak =FCzere iki = k=FDs=FDmdan olu=FEur. Kontak=20 blo=F0u ayg=FDt=FDn sabit k=FDsm=FDna, sabit m=FDknat=FDs ise = ayg=FDt=FDn hareketli k=FDsm=FDna=20 ba=F0lan=FDr. Kontak blo=F0unda normalde a=E7=FDk ve normalde kapal=FD = bir kontak vard=FDr.=20 Kontak par=E7alar=FDndan biri manyetik bir maddeden yap=FDl=FDr. Ayg=FDt = =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken zaman=20 zaman kontak blo=F0u ile sabit m=FDknat=FDs kar=FE=FD kar=FE=FDya = gelirler. Bu durumda sabit=20 m=FDknat=FDs konta=F0=FDn manyetik par=E7as=FDn=FD kendine do=F0ru = =E7eker. Konta=F0=FDn a=E7=FDlmas=FDna=20 veya kapanmas=FDna neden olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Manyetik anahtarlara Reed Kontak ad=FD verilir. = =DD=E7indeki=20 hava al=FDnm=FD=FE =FEeffaf bit t=FCp i=E7inde yerle=FEtirilmi=FE demir = - nikel ala=FE=FDml=FD=20 kontaktan ibarettir. Ak=FDm ge=E7i=FEini kolayla=FEt=FDrmak amac=FDyla = cam t=FCb=FCn i=E7ine azot=20 ve hidrojen kar=FD=FE=FDm=FD gaz doldurulur.Kontaklar=FDn mekanik = titre=FEimlerden=20 etkilenmemesi i=E7in re=E7ineyle birlikte bir g=F6vdeye = yerle=FEtirilmi=FEtir. Temazs=FDz=20 alg=FDlama yapt=FDklar=FD i=E7in y=FCksek hassasiyetli ve uzun = =F6m=FCrl=FCd=FCr. Boyutlar=FD k=FC=E7=FCk=20 ve anahtarlama h=FDzlar=FD y=FCksektir (0.5 milisaniye). = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_32=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 153pt; HEIGHT: 141pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1182" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image025.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D204 height=3D188 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image025.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_32"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.23 Manyetik s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.5.4  =C7al=FD=FEma =DEekillerine G=F6re = S=FDn=FDr=20 Anahtarlar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ani Temasl=FD ve Kal=FDc=FD Tip olmak =FCzere = iki k=FDs=FDma=20 ayr=FDl=FDrlar. S=FDn=FDr anahtar=FDn=FDn durum de=F0i=FEtirmesine neden = olan hareket ortadan=20 kalkt=FD=F0=FDnda, ani temasl=FD s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD hemen normal = konumuna d=F6ner (yay=20 nedeniyle). Halbuki bir hareket nedeniyle kal=FDc=FD tip s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FD durum=20 de=F0i=FEtirirse, anahtar yeni konumnda kal=FDr. Otomatik olarak normal = konumuna=20 d=F6nmez. Ters y=F6ndeki ba=FEka bir hareket kal=FDc=FD tip s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FDn=FD normal=20 konumuna d=F6nd=FCr=FCr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.6  R=D6LELER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ufak g=FC=E7teki elektromanyetik anahtarlara = r=F6le ad=FD=20 verilir. R=F6leler elektrom=FDknat=FDs, palet ve kontaklar olmak =FCzere = =FC=E7 k=FDs=FDmdan=20 olu=FEur. Elektrom=FDknat=FDs, demir n=FCve ve =FCzerine sar=FDlm=FD=FE = bobinden meydana gelir.=20 R=F6le bobinleri hem do=F0ru ve hem de alternatif ak=FDmda = =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Bobin do=F0ru ak=FDma=20 ba=F0lanacak ise demir n=FCve bir par=E7adan = yap=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_33=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 337.5pt; HEIGHT: 240pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1181" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image026.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D450 height=3D320 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image026.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_33"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.24 Ger=E7ek bir = r=F6le<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Demir n=FCvenin =F6n y=FCz=FCne plastikten = yap=FDlm=FD=FE bir pul=20 konur. Bu pul, bobin ak=FDm=FD kesildikten sonra art=FDk = m=FDknat=FDs=FDyet nedeniyle=20 paletin demir n=FCveye yap=FD=FE=FDk kalmas=FDn=FD =F6nler. Bobini = alternatif ak=FDma ba=F0lanacak=20 r=F6lelerin demir n=FCveleri sac paketinden = yap=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Demir n=FCvenin =F6n y=FCz=FCnde a=E7=FDlan = oyu=F0a bak=FDrdan yap=FDlm=FD=FE=20 bir halka ge=E7irilir. Bu bak=FDr halka konmazsa alternatif alan = nedeniyle palet=20 titre=FEim yapar. Kontaklar a=E7=FDl=FDp kapan=FDr ve r=F6le = g=FCr=FClt=FCl=FC=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_34=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 146.25pt; HEIGHT: 96pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1180" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image027.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D195 height=3D128 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image027.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_34"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.25 R=F6lenin i=E7 = yap=FDs=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">R=F6lelerde bir veya daha fazla say=FDda = normalde a=E7=FDk ve=20 normalde kapal=FD kontak bulunur. Kontaklar=FDn a=E7=FDl=FDp = kapanmalar=FDn=FD, r=F6lenin paleti=20 sa=F0lar. Bobin enerjilendi=F0inde, palet =E7ekilir. Normalde kapal=FD = kontaklar a=E7=FDl=FDr,=20 normalde a=E7=FDk kontaklar kapan=FDr. R=F6lenin paletine = ba=F0lanm=FD=FE olan bir yay=20 kontaklar=FDn nornal konumda kalmalar=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. Kontaklar=FDn = yap=FDmlar=FDnda g=FCm=FC=FE,=20 tungsten, palladyum metalleri ve bunlar=FDn ala=FE=FDmlar=FD=20 kullan=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_35=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132pt; HEIGHT: 121.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1179" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image028.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D176 height=3D162 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image028.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_35"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.26 R=F6leli devre = =F6rne=F0i<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.26=92da verilen r=F6lenin bobinine = bir gerilim=20 uyguland=FD=F0=FDnda r=F6le enerjilenir ve paletini =E7eker. Palet = =FCzerinde bulunan 1-3=20 numaral=FD kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr ve 1-2 numaral=FD kontak kapan=FDr. = Bobinin ak=FDm=FD=20 kesildi=F0inde, r=F6le =FCzerinde bulunan yay, paletin demir n=FCveden = uzakla=FEmas=FDn=FD=20 sa=F0lar. Bu durumda kapanm=FD=FE olan 1-2 numaral=FD kontak = a=E7=FDl=FDr, a=E7=FDlm=FD=FE olan 1-3=20 numaral=FD kontak kapan=FDr. R=F6leler =DEekil 1.27=92deki gibi = sembolize=20 edilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_36=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 137.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1178" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image029.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D200 height=3D183 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image029.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_36"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.27 R=F6le ve kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 simgeleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.7 KONTAKT=D6RLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">B=FCy=FCk g=FC=E7teki elektromanyetik = anahtarlara kontakt=F6r ad=FD=20 verilir. R=F6lelerde oldu=F0u gibi kontakt=F6rler de = elektrom=FDknat=FDs, palet ve=20 kontaklar olmak =FCzere =FC=E7 k=FDs=FDmdan olu=FEur. Kontakt=F6rler, = bir ve =FC=E7 fazl=FD motor,=20 =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD, kaynak makinesi, trafo vb. al=FDc=FDlar=FDn otomatik = olarak kumanda=20 edilmesinde kullan=FDl=FDr. Bu elemanlar=FDn bobinlerinin gerilimleri DC = ya da AC=20 olarak 24 - 48 - 220 - 380 volt olabilmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_37=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132pt; HEIGHT: 121.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1177" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image030.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D176 height=3D162 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image030.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_37"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.28 Kontakt=F6r=FCn i=E7 = yap=FDs=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_38=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 337.5pt; HEIGHT: 240pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1176" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image031.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D450 height=3D320 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image031.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_38"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.29 Ger=E7ek bir = kontakt=F6r<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.28=92de verilen kontakt=F6r=FCn = bobinine bir gerilim=20 uyguland=FD=F0=FDnda kontakt=F6r enerjilenir ve paletini =E7eker. Palet = =FCzerinde bulunan=20 5-6 numaral=FD kontak ve 7-8 numaral=FD kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr. 1-2 = numaral=FD kontak ve 3-4=20 numaral=FD kontak kapan=FDr. Bobinin ak=FDm=FD kesildi=F0inde, = kontakt=F6r =FCzerinde bulunan=20 yay, paletin demir n=FCveden uzakla=FEmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. Bu durumda = kapanm=FD=FE olan 1-2=20 numaral=FD kontak ve 3-4 numaral=FD kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr. A=E7=FDlm=FD=FE = olan 5-6 numaral=FD kontak=20 ve 7-8 numaral=FD kontak kapan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.7.1  Kontakt=F6rlerin = Yap=FDs=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.7.1.1 Bobinler = (Elektrom=FDknat=FDs)</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bobin ve demir n=FCveden =FCretilmi=FE = elemand=FDr. Bobinde=20 gerilim uyguland=FD=F0=FDnda ge=E7en ak=FDm manyetik alan olu=FEturarak = m=FDknat=FDsiyet meydana=20 getirir. Kontakt=F6r bobinleri de do=F0ru veya alternatif ak=FDmla = =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar. Her iki=20 ak=FDmla =E7al=FD=FEacak kontakt=F6rlerin demir n=FCveleri genellikle E = =FEeklinde yap=FDl=FDrlar.=20 E=F0er bobin do=F0ru ak=FDmla =E7al=FD=FEacaksa E =FEeklindeki demir = n=FCve, yumu=FEak demirden ve=20 tek bir par=E7a olarak yap=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_39=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 414.75pt; HEIGHT: 541.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1175" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image032.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D553 height=3D722 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image032.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_39"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.30 Enerjilenmi=FE = kontakt=F6r<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Demir n=FCvenin d=FD=FE bacaklar=FDna = plastikten yap=FDlm=FD=FE iki pul=20 konur. Bu pullar, bobin ak=FDm=FD kesildikten sonra kalan art=FDk = m=FDknat=FDs=FDyet=20 nedeniyle paletin demir n=FCveye yap=FD=FE=FDk kalmas=FDn=FD =F6nlerler. = Bobini alternatif=20 ak=FDma ba=F0lanacak olan kontakt=F6rlerin E =FEeklindeki demir = n=FCveleri, silisli=20 sa=E7lar=FDn paketlenmesiyle yap=FDl=FDr. B=F6ylece manyetik devrenin = demir kay=FDplar=FD en=20 k=FC=E7=FCk de=F0ere indirilmi=FE olur. Bir kontakt=F6r bobini = alternatif gerilime=20 ba=F0lan=FDrsa bu bobin alternatif manyetik alan yarat=FDr. Frekans=FD = 50 olan bir=20 =FEebekede bu manyetik alan saniyede 100 kere 0 olur, 100 kere de = maksimum de=F0ere=20 ula=FE=FDr.<BR>Manyetik alan maksimum oldu=F0unda palet =E7ekilir, = s=FDf=FDr oldu=F0unda da=20 palet b=FDrak=FDl=FDr. Bu nedenle palet titre=FEir, kontaklar = a=E7=FDl=FDr ve kapan=FDr,=20 kontakt=F6r =E7ok g=FCr=FClt=FCl=FC olarak =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Bu = sak=FDncay=FD gidermek i=E7in demir n=FCvenin=20 d=FD=FE bacaklar=FDn=FDn =F6n y=FCzlerinde a=E7=FDlan oyuklara kal=FDn = bak=FDr halkalar tak=FDl=FDr.=20 Bak=FDr halkalar kullan=FDlmazsa bir titreme olu=FEur. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir transformat=F6r=FCn sekonder sarg=FDs=FD = gibi =E7al=FD=FEan bu=20 bak=FDr halkalar=FDn her birinde gerilim ind=FCklenir. Halkalar k=FDsa = devre edilmi=FE=20 olduklar=FDndan, ind=FCksiyon gerilimi halkalardan ak=FDm = dola=FEt=FDr=FDr ve halkalar ek=20 bir manyetik alan yarat=FDr. Bu manyetik alan esas manyetik alandan 90 = derece=20 geride oldu=F0undan, demir n=FCvedeki toplam manyetik alan hi=E7bir = zaman s=FDf=FDr olmaz.=20 Bu nedenle palet devaml=FD =E7ekik kal=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_40=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 237.75pt; HEIGHT: 157.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1174" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image033.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D317 height=3D210 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image033.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_40"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.31 Kontakt=F6r=FCn devre =FCzerinde=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.7.1.2  Palet</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kontakt=F6r n=FCvesinin hareketli k=FDsm=FDna = palet denir. Palet=20 =FCzerine kontaklar monte edilmi=FEtir. Kontakt=F6rlerde kontaklar=FDn = a=E7=FDl=FDp=20 kapanmalar=FD palet ile sa=F0lan=FDr. Palet, yer=E7ekimi kuvvetiyle veya = bir yay=20 arac=FDl=FD=F0=FD ile demir n=FCveden uzakta bulunur. Bobin = enerjilendi=F0inde, palet demir=20 n=FCve taraf=FDndan =E7ekilir ve kontaklar durum = de=F0i=FEtirir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.7.1.3  Kontaklar</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Normalde a=E7=FDk ve normalde kapal=FD olmak = =FCzere iki tip=20 kontak vard=FDr. Palet =FCzerine monte edilen hareketli kontaklar=FDn = bir k=FDsm=FD=20 kontakt=F6r =E7al=FD=FEmaz iken a=E7=FDk konumda, bir k=FDsm=FD ise = kapal=FD konumdad=FDr. Kontakt=F6r=20 bobini enerjilendi=F0inde ise kontaklar durum de=F0i=FEtirir. = Kontaklar=FDn yap=FDm=FDnda=20 g=FCm=FC=FE=FCn; bak=FDr, nikel, kadmiyum, demir, karbon, tungsten ve = molibden'den=20 yap=FDlm=FD=FE ala=FE=FDmlar kullan=FDl=FDr. Bu ala=FE=FDmlarda = g=FCm=FC=FE=FCn sertli=F0i art=FDr=FDlm=FD=FE,=20 s=FCrt=FCnme ve arktan dolay=FD meydana gelecek a=FE=FDnmalar = azalt=FDlm=FD=FEt=FDr. Kontakt=F6rde=20 iki tip kontak mevcuttur. Bunlar :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 = kontaklar=FD (Ana=20 Kontaklar)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kumanda = kontaklar=FD=20 (Yard=FDmc=FD Kontaklar) <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 kontaklar=FD y=FCksek ak=FDma = dayan=FDkl=FD olup, motor vb.=20 al=FDc=FDlar=FD =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrmak i=E7in kullan=FDl=FDr. Bu nedenle = yap=FDlar=FD b=FCy=FCkt=FCr. Kumanda=20 kontaklar=FD ise, termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi, zaman r=F6lesi, = =FDs=FD kontrol r=F6lesi,=20 m=FCh=FCrleme vb. gibi d=FCzeneklerin =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmas=FDnda = g=F6rev yapar. Bu nedenle=20 yap=FDlar=FD k=FC=E7=FCkt=FCr. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_41=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 166.5pt; HEIGHT: 131.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1173" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image034.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D222 height=3D175 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image034.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_41"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.32 Bir kontakt=F6r=FCn = yap=FDs=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">K=FDsaca; ana kontaklar y=FCk ak=FDm=FDn=FD, = yard=FDmc=FD kontaklar=20 kumanda devresinin ak=FDm=FDn=FD ta=FE=FDrlar. Kontakt=F6r=FCn i=E7inde = normalde a=E7=FDk ve=20 normalde kapal=FD olmak =FCzere de=F0i=FEik say=FDda kontak bulunur. = Bobin enerjisiz iken=20 baz=FD kontaklar a=E7=FDk konumda bekler. Bobin enerjilendi=F0inde = a=E7=FDk kontaklar=20 kapal=FD, kapal=FD kontaklar ise a=E7=FDk hale gelir. Kontakt=F6rde = kontaklar=FDn konumunun=20 de=F0i=FEimi Tablo 1.1=92de g=F6sterilmi=FEtir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_42=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 166.5pt; HEIGHT: 131.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1172" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image035.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D222 height=3D175 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image035.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_42"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Tablo 1.1</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">=20 Kontakt=F6rde Kontaklar=FDn Konum De=F0i=FEimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_43=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 137.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1171" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image036.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D200 height=3D183 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image036.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_43"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.33 Bir alternatif ak=FDm = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.33=92te, bir buton ve bir = kontakt=F6rle yap=FDlan=20 ba=F0lant=FDn=FDn =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu ba=F0lant=FDda ba=FElatma = butonu a=E7=FDkken, A=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenemez. Yani A kontakt=F6r=FC normal konumunda = bulunur. Bu durumda=20 A1 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDk ve L1 lambas=FD s=F6n=FCkt=FCr. A2 konta=F0=FD = kapal=FD oldu=F0unda, L2 lambas=FD=20 yanmaktad=FDr. Ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda A kontakt=F6r=FC = enerjilenir. Normalde=20 a=E7=FDk A1 konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr ve L1 lambas=FD yanar. Normalde = kapal=FD A2 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr,=20 yanan L2 lambas=FD s=F6ner. Ba=FElatma butonu serbest = b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, A2 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn=20 enerjisi kesilir. Kontaklar normal konumlar=FDna d=F6nerler. L1 = lambas=FD s=F6ner ve L2=20 lambas=FD yanar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_44=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 195.75pt; HEIGHT: 216.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1170" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image037.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D261 height=3D289 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image037.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_44"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.34 Bir do=F0ru ak=FDm = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn devresi=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.34=92te ise, ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda P=20 ucundan gelen ak=FDm ba=FElatma butonundan, A1 konta=F0=FD ve A = bobininden ge=E7erek=20 devresini tamamlar. A kontakt=F6r=FC veya r=F6lesi, normal gerilimle = enerjilenir.=20 Normalde kapal=FD A1 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. R1 direnci A bobinine = seri olarak ba=F0lan=FDr.=20 R1 direncinde d=FC=FEen gerilim nedeniyle A bobini daha k=FC=E7=FCk bir = gerilimle=20 =E7al=FD=FEmaya devam eder. =C7=FCnk=FC A bobinine uygulanan bu = k=FC=E7=FCk gerilim, paletin =E7ekik=20 kalmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. A bobini enerjilenince, A2 konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr = ve L1 lambas=FD=20 yanar. A3 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr, yanan L2 lambas=FD = s=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8   A=DEIRI AKIM = R=D6LELER=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDmlar=FDn elektrik = motorlar=FDna verece=F0i zararlar=FD=20 =F6nlemek i=E7in kullan=FDlan elemanlara, a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi = ad=FD verilir. Elektrik=20 devrelerinde kullan=FDlan sigortalar da koruma g=F6revi yaparlar. = =C7al=FD=FEma=20 karakteristikleri nedeniyle sigortalar elektrik motorlar=FDn=FD = koruyamazlar.Yaln=FDz=20 hatlar=FD korurlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_45=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 48.75pt; HEIGHT: 55.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1169" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image038.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D65 height=3D74 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image038.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_45"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.35 A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri motorlara seri = olarak=20 ba=F0lan=FDrlar.Yani bir a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinden, motorun = =FEebekeden =E7ekti=F0i ak=FDm=20 ge=E7er. =C7al=FD=FEma an=FDnda motor ak=FDm=FD k=FDsa bir s=FCre i=E7in = normal de=F0erinin =FCzerine=20 =E7=FDkarsa, bu a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm motora zarar vermez. A=FE=FDr=FD = ak=FDm=FDn motordan s=FCrekli olarak=20 ge=E7mesi, motor i=E7in sak=FDnca yarat=FDr. =C7=FCnk=FC uzun s=FCre = ge=E7en a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm, motorun=20 s=FDcakl=FDk derecesini y=FCkseltir ve motoru yakar. Bu nedenle k=FDsa = s=FCreli a=FE=FDr=FD=20 ak=FDmlarda a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinin =E7al=FD=FE=FDp motoru = devreden =E7=FDkarmamas=FD gerekir.=20 Motorun yol alma an=FDnda k=FDsa s=FCre =E7ekti=F0i a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm, = bu duruma =F6rnek olarak=20 g=F6sterilebilir. B=F6yle ge=E7ici durumlarda r=F6lenin = =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, geciktirici bir=20 elemanla =F6nlenir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Herhangi bir nedenle motor fazla ak=FDm = =E7ekti=F0inde, ayn=FD=20 ak=FDm a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinden de ge=E7ece=F0inden, a=FE=FDr=FD = ak=FDm r=F6lesinin konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr.=20 A=E7=FDlan kontak, motor kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn enerjisini keser. B=F6ylece = motor devreden=20 =E7=FDkar ve yanmaktan korunmu=FE olur. =DCzerinden ge=E7en fazla ak=FDm = nedeniyle atan bir=20 a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi, r=F6le =FCzerinde bulunan butona elle = basarak kurulur. Yaln=FDz=20 a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesini kurmadan =F6nce r=F6lenin atmas=FDna neden = olan ar=FDzay=FD gidermek=20 gerekir. B=FCt=FCn i=FE tezgahlar=FDnda kullan=FDlan a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6leleri elle kurulurlar.=20 Baz=FD ev tipi ayg=FDtlarda =F6rne=F0in buz dolaplar=FDnda kullan=FDlan = a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri,=20 devrenin a=E7=FDlmas=FDnadan bir s=FCre sonra otomatik olarak normal = konumuna d=F6nerler.=20 Yani bu a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri kendi kendilerine kurulurlar. = Baz=FD a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6leleri de =FCzerlerinde bulunan bir vida arac=FDl=FD=F0=FD ile hem = otomatik ve hem de=20 elle kurma konumuna d=F6n=FC=FEt=FCr=FClebilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir fazl=FD alternatif ak=FDm veya do=F0ru = ak=FDm motor=20 devrelerinde, a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi yaln=FDz bir iletken =FCzerine = konur. =DC=E7 fazl=FD motor=20 devrelerinde genellikle her faz i=E7in bir a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi = kullan=FDl=FDr. Bazen de=20 yaln=FDz iki faz=FDn =FCzerine bir a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi konur. = G=FC=E7 devresinde kullan=FDlan=20 a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri daha =E7ok bir konta=F0=FD kumanda = ederler. Bazen de her a=FE=FDr=FD=20 ak=FDm r=F6lesinin ayr=FD bir konta=F0=FD olur. A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6leleri manyetik ve termik=20 olmak =FCzere iki k=FDs=FDma ayr=FDl=FDrlar. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.1  Manyetik A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor ak=FDm=FDn=FDn manyetik etkisiyle = =E7al=FD=FEan a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lelerine, manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi ad=FD verilir. Bir = manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lesi elektrom=FDknat=FDs, kontak ve geciktirici eleman olmak =FCzere = =FC=E7 k=FDs=FDmdan=20 olu=FEur. Elektrom=FDknat=FDs=FDn bobini g=FC=E7 devresinde motora seri = olarak ba=F0lan=FDr.=20 Yani bobinden motorun ak=FDm=FD ge=E7er. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_46=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 261pt; HEIGHT: 129pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1168" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image039.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D348 height=3D172 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image039.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_46"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.36 Manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinin normalde = kapal=FD konta=F0=FD kumanda=20 devresinin giri=FEine konur. Bu kontak a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, kumanda = devresinin ak=FDm=FD=20 kesilir ve motor durur. K=FDsa s=FCreli a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDmlarda, = =F6rne=F0in motorun yol alma=20 an=FDnda =E7ekti=F0i ak=FDmda,r=F6lenin =E7al=FD=FE=FDp konta=F0=FD = a=E7mas=FD, ya=F0 dolu silindir i=E7inde=20 hareket eden bir pistonla =F6nlenir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinin bobininden = normal de=F0erinin =FCzerinde=20 bir ak=FDm ge=E7ti=F0inde, bobin demir n=FCveyi yukar=FDya do=F0ru = =E7eker. Silindir i=E7nde=20 bulunan piston nedeniyle, demir n=FCvenin hareketi yava=FE olur. Bu = nedenle a=FE=FDr=FD=20 ak=FDm r=F6lesinin konta=F0=FD hemen a=E7=FDlamaz. E=F0er bobinden = ge=E7en a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm normal=20 de=F0erine d=FC=FEmezse, bir s=FCre sonra kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr. Yani = ya=F0 dolu silindir i=E7inde=20 hareket eden pistondan olu=FEan geciktirici eleman, k=FDsa s=FCreli = a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDmlarda,=20 a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinin =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDn=FD engeller. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lelerinde = ak=FDm ayar=FD, demir n=FCvenin=20 bobine g=F6re olan durumunu de=F0i=FEtirmekle yap=FDl=FDr. =D6rne=F0in = bobin sabit tutulup=20 demir n=FCve a=FEa=F0=FDya kayd=FDr=FDl=FDrsa, a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6lesinin devreyi a=E7ma ak=FDm=FD b=FCy=FCm=FC=FE=20 olur. Devrelerde =DEekil 1.37=92deki gibi = g=F6sterilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_47=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 48.75pt; HEIGHT: 55.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1167" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image040.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D65 height=3D74 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image040.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_47"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.37 Manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6le = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.1.1  Manyetik A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm = R=F6lelerinin Motor=20 Devrelerinde Kullan=FDlmas=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri =FC=E7 = fazl=FD motor devrelerine=20 genellikle =FEekildeki gibi ba=F0lan=FDrlar. Bu ba=F0lant=FDda =FC=E7 = faz =FCzerine konan =FC=E7=20 manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi, bir kapal=FD konta=F0=FD kumanda = eder.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_48=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 187.5pt; HEIGHT: 155.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1166" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image041.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D250 height=3D207 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image041.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_48"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.38 G=FC=E7 ve kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=C7al=FD=FEma devam ederken, motor herhangi bir = nedenle uzun=20 s=FCre a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm =E7ekerse, manyetik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6lesinin kapal=FD konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr.=20 =C7al=FD=FEan kontakt=F6r ve motor devreden =E7=FDkar.B=F6ylece motor = yanmaktan korunmu=FE=20 olur.<B> </B><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.2  Termik A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor ak=FDm=FDn=FDn yaratt=FD=F0=FD = =FDs=FDn=FDn etkisiyle =E7al=FD=FEan a=FE=FDr=FD=20 ak=FDm r=F6lelerine, termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi ed=FD verilir. = Termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lelerinin endirekt =FDs=FDtmal=FD, direk =FDs=FDtmal=FD ve ergiyici = ala=FE=FDml=FD olmak =FCzere=20 =FC=E7 =E7e=FEidi vard=FDr. Termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri = devrelerde, =DEekil 1.39=92daki gibi=20 g=F6sterilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_49=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 187.5pt; HEIGHT: 160.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1165" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image042.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D250 height=3D214 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image042.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_49"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.39 Termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6le=20 simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.2.1  Endirekt Is=FDtmal=FD Termik = A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm=20 R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.40=92ta endirekt =FDs=FDtmal=FD = termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi=20 g=F6r=FClmektedir. Endirekt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6lesi =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD, bimetal ve=20 kontak olmak =FCzere =FC=E7 k=FDs=FDmdan olu=FEur. Is=FDt=FDc=FD motora = seri olarak ba=F0lan=FDr. Yani=20 =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDdan motor ak=FDm ge=E7er.Motora zarar verecek de=F0erde = bir ak=FDm s=FCrekli olarak=20 =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDdan ge=E7erse, meydana gelen =FDs=FD bimetali sa=F0a = do=F0ru b=FCker. Bimetal kapal=FD=20 olan konta=F0=FD a=E7ar. A=E7=FDlan kontak kontakt=F6r=FC ve = dolay=FDs=FDyla motoru devreden=20 =E7=FDkar=FDr. B=F6ylece motor yanmaktan korunmu=FE olur. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor ak=FDm=FD k=FDsa bir s=FCre i=E7in normal = de=F0erinin =FCzerine=20 =E7=FDkarsa, =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDdan ge=E7en bu ak=FDm bimetali =FDs=FDtacak = f=FDrsat=FD bulamaz. Bu nedenle=20 bimetal b=FCk=FClmez ve kontak a=E7=FDlmaz. Motor i=E7in sak=FDnca = yaratmayan bu gibi=20 durumlarda, =FDs=FDn=FDn bimetale iletilmesindeki gecikme, a=FE=FDr=FD = ak=FDm r=F6lesinin=20 =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDn=FD engeller.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_50=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 200.25pt; HEIGHT: 129pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1164" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image043.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D267 height=3D172 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image043.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_50"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.40 Endirekt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik = a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.2.2  Direkt Is=FDtmal=FD Termik = A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm=20 R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Endirekt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD = ak=FDm r=F6lelerinin ak=FDm=20 de=F0erleri b=FCy=FCd=FCk=E7e, =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD telin ve bimetalin = =F6l=E7=FCleri de b=FCy=FCr. B=FCy=FCk ak=FDmlar=20 i=E7in yap=FDlacak endirekt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6leleri kullan=FD=FEl=FD ve=20 ekonomik olmaz. Bu nedenle ak=FDm =FEiddeti b=FCy=FCk olan termik = a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri=20 =DEekil 1.41=92de g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi direkt =FDs=FDtmal=FD olarak=20 yap=FDl=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_51=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 261pt; HEIGHT: 129pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1163" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image044.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D348 height=3D172 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image044.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_51"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.41 Direkt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik = a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Direkt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6lelerinde =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD=20 eleman bulunmaz. Motor ak=FDm=FD bimetal =FCzerinden ge=E7er. Bimetalin = b=FCk=FClmesine ve=20 konta=F0=FDn a=E7=FDlmas=FDna neden olan =FDs=FD, bimetalin i=E7inde = do=F0ar. =C7ok b=FCy=FCk ak=FDmlar=20 i=E7in yap=FDlacak direkt =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6leleri de ayn=FD nedenlerle=20 kullan=FD=FEl=FD ve ekonomik olmaz. Termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi = bu durumda bir ak=FDm=20 trafosuyla veya =FE=F6nt diren=E7le beraber = kullan=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Gerek ak=FDm trafosu ve gerekse =FE=F6nt = diren=E7 termik a=FE=FDr=FD=20 ak=FDm r=F6lesinin =E7al=FD=FEma ak=FDm=FDn=FD yani kapasitesini = b=FCy=FCt=FCr. Direkt ve endirekt=20 =FDs=FDtmal=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri =E7e=FEitli ak=FDm = =FEiddetleti i=E7in yap=FDl=FDrlar. Her=20 termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi iki ak=FDm de=F0eri aras=FDnda = =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. A=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi,=20 =FCzerinde bulunan bir ayar vidas=FDyla arzulanan motor ak=FDm=FDna=20 ayarlan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.2.3  Ergiyici Ala=FE=FDml=FD Termik = A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm=20 R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.42=92de yap=FDs=FD verilen ergiyici = ala=FE=FDml=FD termik=20 a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi, =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD, k=FC=E7=FCk bir t=FCp ve = kontak blo=F0undan olu=FEur. Is=FDt=FDc=FD=20 eleman=FDn sard=FD=F0=FD t=FCb=FCn i=E7inde, serbest=E7e d=F6nebilen = ba=FEka bir t=FCp daha vard=FDr.=20 =DDki t=FCb=FCn aras=FDnda d=FC=FE=FCk s=FDcakl=FDkta ergiyen bir = ala=FE=FDm bulunur. Ergiyici ala=FE=FDm=20 normal durumda iki t=FCb=FC birbirine ba=F0lar. Termik a=FE=FDr=FD = ak=FDm r=F6lesinin =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDs=FD=20 motor devresine, normalde kapal=FD konta=F0=FD kumanda devresine seri = olarak ba=F0lan=FDr.=20 Herhangi bir nedenle motor a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm =E7ekerse, = =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDdan ge=E7en bu ak=FDm t=FCpteki=20 ala=FE=FDm=FD ergitir. Yay nedeniyle i=E7teki t=FCp ve di=FEli = d=F6ner.Normalde kapal=FD kontak=20 a=E7=FDl=FDr. A=E7=FDlan kontak, kontakt=F6r=FC ve motoru devreden = =E7=FDkart=FDr. Motor durunca=20 =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDdan ak=FDm ge=E7mez. T=FCpleri birle=FEtiren ala=FE=FDm = k=FDsa bir s=FCre i=E7inde donar.=20 Ergiyici ala=FE=FDml=FD termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri =E7e=FEitli = ak=FDm de=F0erlerinde=20 yap=FDl=FDrlar. Bu a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lelerinde ak=FDm ayar=FD = yap=FDlmaz.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_52=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1162" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image045.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D113 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image045.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_52"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.42 Ergiyici ala=FE=FDml=FD termik = a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.8.2.4  Termik A=FE=FDr=FD Ak=FDm = R=F6lelerinin Motor=20 Devrelerinde Kullan=FDm=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6leleri =FC=E7 = fazl=FD motor devrelerinde=20 genellikle =DEekil 1.43=92teki gibi ba=F0lan=FDrlar. Bu ba=F0lant=FDda = her faz =FCzerine bir=20 termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesi konur. =DC=E7 termik a=FE=FDr=FD = ak=FDm r=F6lesi bir kapal=FD konta=F0=FD=20 kumanda eder. Motor =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken herhangi bir nedenle uzun s=FCre = ak=FDm =E7ekerse,=20 termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm r=F6lesinin kapal=FD konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. = =C7al=FD=FEan kontakt=F6r ve motor=20 devreden =E7=FDkar. B=F6ylece motor yanmaktan korunmu=FE = olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_53=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 441.75pt; HEIGHT: 50.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1161" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image046.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D589 height=3D67 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image046.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_53"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.43 Termik a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm = r=F6lelerinin g=FC=E7 ve kumanda=20 devrelerinde g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9   ZAMAN = R=D6LELER=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bobini enerjilendikten veya bobinin enerjisi = kesildikten=20 belirli bir s=FCre sonra, kontaklar=FD durum de=F0i=FEtiren r=F6lelere, = zaman r=F6lesi ad=FD=20 verilir. =C7al=FD=FEma =FEekillerine g=F6re zaman r=F6leleri =FEu = =FEekilde=20 s=FDn=FDfland=FDr=FDlabilir;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=C7ekmede = Gecikmeli=20 (D=FCz) Zaman R=F6lesi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">D=FC=FEmede Gecikmeli=20 (Ters) Zaman R=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DD=E7 yap=FDs=FDna g=F6re zaman r=F6leleri ise = =FEu =FEekilde=20 s=FDn=FDfland=FDr=FDlabilir;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Pistonlu = Zaman=20 R=F6lesi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlu = Zaman R=F6lesi=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Do=F0ru = Ak=FDm Zaman=20 R=F6lesi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Termik = Zaman R=F6lesi=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">Termist=F6rl=FC Zaman=20 R=F6lesi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_54=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 441.75pt; HEIGHT: 50.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1160" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image047.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D589 height=3D67 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image047.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_54"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.44 Zaman = r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.1  =C7al=FD=FEma =DEekillerine G=F6re = Zaman=20 R=F6leleri</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.1.1  D=FCz Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bobini enerjilendikten belli bir s=FCre sonra = gecikme=20 yapan, yani kontaklar=FD konum de=F0i=FEtiren r=F6lelerdir. Bobin = enerjisi kesildi=F0inde=20 kontaklar eski haline d=F6nerler. =DEekil 1.45=92te de r=F6lelerin = devrelerde ne =FEekilde=20 sembolize edildi=F0i g=F6r=FClmektedir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_55=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 124.5pt; HEIGHT: 193.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1159" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image048.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D166 height=3D258 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image048.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_55"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.45 D=FCz zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 simgeleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.1.2  Ters Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bobinin enerjisi kesildikten belli bir s=FCre = sonra gecikme=20 yapan zaman r=F6lesidir. Enerji verildikten sonra hemen kontaklar durum=20 de=F0i=FEdirir. Enerji kesildikten bir s=FCre sonra iletime izin=20 verilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_56=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 124.5pt; HEIGHT: 195.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1158" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image049.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D166 height=3D261 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image049.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_56"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.46 Ters zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn simgeleri=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.2  =DD=E7 Yap=FDlar=FDna G=F6re Zaman=20 R=F6leleri</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.2.1  Pistonlu Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Zaman gecikmesi bir pistonla sa=F0lanan zaman = r=F6lelerine,=20 pistonlu zaman r=F6lesi ad=FD verilir. D=FCz zaman r=F6lelerinde bobine = gerilim=20 verdi=F0imizde kar=FE=FDs=FDndaki paleti =E7eker. =DEekildeki gibi 1-2 = ve 3-4 numaral=FD=20 kontaklar hemen, 5-6 ve 7-8 numaral=FD kontaklar zaman gecikmesiyle = =FEekil=20 de=F0i=FEtirirler. Bu gecikmeyi sa=F0layan bir piston ya da bunun = i=E7inde bulunan ya=F0=20 veya havad=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_57=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132.75pt; HEIGHT: 56.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1157" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image050.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D177 height=3D75 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image050.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_57"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.46 Pistonlu d=FCz zaman=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_58=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132.75pt; HEIGHT: 56.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1156" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image051.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D177 height=3D75 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image051.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_58"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.47 Pistonlu ters zaman=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Pistonlu ters zaman r=F6lesi, bobinin gerilimi = kesildikten=20 sonra gecikme yapar. Bobine gerilim verdi=F0imizde kontaklar=FDn = tamam=FD =FEekil=20 de=F0i=FEtirir. Bobin gerilimi kesildi=F0inde, =FEekilden de = g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi 1-2 ve 3-4=20 numaral=FD kontaklar hemen, 5-6 ve 7-8 numaral=FD kontaklar gecikmeli = olarak =FEekil=20 de=F0i=FEtirir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_59=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 303.75pt; HEIGHT: 75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1155" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image052.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D405 height=3D100 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image052.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_59"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.48 D=FCz zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 sembolleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_60=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132.75pt; HEIGHT: 56.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1154" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image051.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D177 height=3D75 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image051.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_60"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.49 Ters zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 sembolleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.2.2  Motorlu Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlu zaman r=F6lelerinde genel olarak = senkron motor=20 kullan=FDl=FDr. Motor miline ba=F0l=FD bir dizi di=FEliden ve = kontaklardan ibarettir.=20 Motor =E7al=FD=FEmaya ba=FElad=FD=F0=FDnda, P pimi vas=FDtas=FDyla belli = zaman sonunda, kapal=FD=20 kontaklar a=E7=FDl=FDr, a=E7=FDk kontaklar kapan=FDr ve motor frenlenir. = Bu anda ayn=FD=20 zamanda di=FEliler bir yay vas=FDtas=FDyla ters y=F6nde kurulur. Motorun = ak=FDm=FD=20 kesildi=F0inde di=FEliler, dolay=FDs=FDyla kontaklar eski durumuna = gelir. Motorun=20 frenlenmesi esnas=FDnda ge=E7en ak=FDm, motor sarg=FDlar=FD i=E7in bir = sak=FDnca te=FEkil=20 etmez.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_61=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 161.25pt; HEIGHT: 161.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1153" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image053.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D215 height=3D215 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image053.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_61"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.50 Ters zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn sembolleri=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.2.3  Do=F0ru Ak=FDm Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bak=FDr halkal=FD, bak=FDr halkas=FDz ve = kondansat=F6rl=FC diye =FC=E7e=20 ayr=FDl=FDr. =DEekil 1.51=92deki gibi = g=F6sterilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_62=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 161.25pt; HEIGHT: 161.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1152" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image054.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D215 height=3D215 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image054.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_62"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.51 Do=F0ru ak=FDm zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 sembolleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bak=FDr halkas=FDz zaman r=F6lesinde bobin, = gerilim=20 verdi=F0imizde kar=FE=FDs=FDndaki paleti =E7eker, kontaklar =FEekil = de=F0i=FEtirir. Bu durum S=20 anahtar=FDna basana kadar devam eder. S anahtar=FDn=FD = kapatt=FD=F0=FDm=FDzda bobinin meydana=20 getirdi=F0i magnetik alan s=FCratle 0'a do=F0ru d=FC=FEmek ister. = De=F0i=FEik alan=FDn i=E7inde=20 kalan bobinde bir gerilim ind=FCklenir ve bu gerilim bobinden ak=FDm = dola=FEt=FDr=FDr.=20 (K=FDsa devre ak=FDm=FD) Dolay=FDs=FDyla S anahtar=FDna bast=FDktan = belli bir s=FCre sonra=20 kontaklar =FEekil de=F0i=FEtirir. Bu tip r=F6lelerle 1.5 sn'lik bir = gecikme=20 sa=F0lanabilir. Ters zaman r=F6lesi olarak = =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_63=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 161.25pt; HEIGHT: 161.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1151" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image055.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D215 height=3D215 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image055.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_63"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.52 Bak=FDr halkas=FDz zaman=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bak=FDr halkal=FD zaman r=F6lesi, bir = elektrom=FDknat=FDs, palet,=20 bak=FDr halka ve kontaklardan ibarettir.Bobin enerjilendi=F0inde paleti = =E7eker ve=20 kontaklar =FEekil de=F0i=FEtirir. R=F6le ak=FDm=FD kesildi=F0inde, = magnetik alan=20 <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on" = ProductID=3D"0'">0'</st1:metricconverter> do=F0ru=20 d=FC=FEer. De=F0i=FEken alan i=E7inde kalan bak=FDr halkada bir gerilim = ind=FCklenir. Bu=20 gerilim, bak=FDr halkadan bir ak=FDm dola=FEt=FDr=FDr. Bobinin ak=FDm=FD = kesildi=F0i halde bak=FDr=20 halkadan dola=FEan ak=FDmdan dolay=FD, kontakt=F6r gecikmeli olarak = =FEekil de=F0i=FEtirir. Bu=20 tip zaman r=F6leleriyle 1 sn gecikme sa=F0lanabilir. Ters zaman r=F6lesi = olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_64=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 123.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1150" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image056.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D200 height=3D165 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image056.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_64"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.53 Bak=FDr halkal=FD zaman=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kondansat=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lesi, bir do=F0ru = ak=FDm r=F6lesiyle bir=20 kondansat=F6r=FCn parelel ba=F0lanmas=FDndan olu=FEur. Kondansat=F6rl=FC = zaman r=F6lesi =FEebekeye=20 ba=F0land=FD=F0=FDnda r=F6le enerjilenir. Normalde kapal=FD (2-3) nolu = kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr.=20 Normalde a=E7=FDk (1-3) nolu kontak kapan=FDr. Kondansat=F6r k=FDsa bir = s=FCre zaman i=E7inde=20 =FCrete=E7 gerilimine =FEarj olur. Kondansat=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lesi = =FEebekeden ayr=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda,=20 r=F6le bobininden ge=E7en =FCrete=E7 ak=FDm=FD s=FDf=FDr olur. Fakat = =FEarj olmu=FE kondansat=F6r=20 bobin =FCzerinden bo=FEalmaya ba=FElar.Kondansat=F6r=FCn de=FEarj = ak=FDm=FD s=FDf=FDr olmadan palet=20 a=E7=FDl=FDr. Kontaklar normal konumlar=FDna d=F6nerler. B=F6ylece = kondansat=F6rl=FC zaman=20 r=F6lesinin =FEebekeden ayr=FDld=FD=F0=FD an ile kontaklar=FDn normal = konumlar=FDna d=F6nd=FCkleri=20 an aras=FDnda, bir gecikme sa=F0lanm=FD=FE olur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_65=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132.75pt; HEIGHT: 56.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1149" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image057.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D177 height=3D75 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image057.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_65"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.54 Kondansat=F6rl=FC zaman=20 r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Yani kondansat=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lesi ters = zaman r=F6lesi olarak=20 g=F6rev yapar. Kondansat=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lelerinde zaman ayar=FD = yapmak olduk=E7a=20 g=FC=E7t=FCr.Bununla beraber (C1) kondansat=F6r=FCn=FCn de=F0erini = de=F0i=FEtirmekle, kontaklar=FDn=20 durum de=F0i=FEtirme zaman=FD ayarlanabilir. =D6rne=F0in (C1) = kondansat=F6r=FCn=FCn de=F0eri=20 b=FCy=FCt=FCl=FCrse, kontaklar normal konumlar=FDna d=F6n=FCnceye kadar = ge=E7ecek s=FCre artar.=20 Fakat bu y=F6ntem s=FDk s=FDk ba=FEvurulacak bir yol de=F0ildir. Ters = zaman r=F6lesi olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.2.4  Termik Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Zaman gecikmesinin =FDs=FD ile sa=F0lanan zaman = r=F6lelerine,=20 termik zaman r=F6lesi ad=FD verilir. Bir termik zaman r=F6lesi = =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD, bimetal ve=20 kontak olmak =FCzere =FC=E7 par=E7adan olu=FEur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_66=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189pt; HEIGHT: 131.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1148" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image058.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D252 height=3D175 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image058.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_66"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.55 Termik zaman = r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Is=FDt=FDc=FD eleman seramik t=FCp =FCzerine = sar=FDl=FDr. Is=FDt=FDc=FDn=FDn=20 =E7ekece=F0i ak=FDm (R1) direnciyle s=FDn=FDrlan=FDr. Bimetal seramikten = yap=FDlm=FD=FE t=FCp i=E7inde=20 bulunur. Is=FDt=FDc=FD =FEebekeye ba=F0land=FD=F0=FDnda, = =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDn=FDn s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi y=FCkselmeye=20 ba=FElar. Seramik t=FCpte do=F0an =FDs=FD bimetale ge=E7er. Bimetalin = s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi=20 yava=FE yava=FE y=FCkselir. Bimetal =FDs=FDnd=FDk=E7a sa=F0a do=F0ru = e=F0ilmek ister. Mekaniki bir=20 d=FCzen bimetalin yava=FE hareketini engeller. Bimetalde do=F0an = e=F0ilme kuvveti uygun=20 bir de=F0ere y=FCkseldi=F0inde, bimetal ani olarak sa=F0a do=F0ru = hareket eder. Normalde=20 kapal=FD (1-3) nolu kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr. Normalde a=E7=FDk (2-3) nollu = kontak=20 kapan=FDr.B=F6ylece =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDn=FDn devreye ba=F0lanmas=FDndan bir = s=FCre sonra kontaklar durum=20 de=F0i=FEtirmi=FE olur. =DEekil 1.56=92daki gibi = g=F6sterilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_67=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 132.75pt; HEIGHT: 56.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1147" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image050.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D177 height=3D75 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image050.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_67"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.56 Termik zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn simgeleri=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.9.2.5  Termist=F6rl=FC Zaman = R=F6lesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir termist=F6r=FCn ve bir r=F6lenin seri = ba=F0lanmas=FDndan olu=FEan=20 zaman r=F6lesine, termist=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lesi ad=FD verilir. = Termist=F6r, direnci=20 s=FDcakl=FDkla de=F0i=FEen bir elemand=FDr. B=FCt=FCn maddelerin direnci = s=FDcakl=FDkla de=F0i=FEir.=20 Fakat direncin s=FDcakl=FDkla de=F0i=FEimi termist=F6rlerde =E7ok=20 fazlad=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_68=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 60pt; HEIGHT: 105pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1146" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image059.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D80 height=3D140 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image059.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_68"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.57 Termist=F6rl=FC zaman = r=F6lesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Uygulamada iki =E7e=FEit termist=F6r = kullan=FDl=FDr. Direncin=20 s=FDcakl=FDkla de=F0i=FEme katsay=FDs=FD bunlardan birinde pozitif = (PTC), di=F0erinde=20 negatiftir (NTC). Negatif katsay=FDl=FD termist=F6rde s=FDcakl=FDk = derecesi artt=FDk=E7a,=20 termist=F6r direnci azal=FDr. Katsay=FDs=FD pozitif olan termist=F6r=FCn = s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi=20 artarsa, bu termist=F6r=FCn direnci de artar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_69=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 51pt; HEIGHT: 52.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1145" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image060.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D68 height=3D70 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image060.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_69"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.58 Termist=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lesi ve = kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 simgeleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.57=92deki termist=F6rl=FC zaman = r=F6lesinde,direncin=20 s=FDcakl=FDkla de=F0i=FEme katsay=FDs=FD negatif olan bir termist=F6r = kullan=FDlm=FD=FEt=FDr. Bu=20 devrede (A) anahtar=FD kapat=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, devreden =E7ok = k=FC=E7=FCk bir ak=FDm ge=E7er. Bu ak=FDm,=20 termist=F6r=FCn bir par=E7a =FDs=FDnmas=FDna neden olur.Is=FDnan = termist=F6r=FCn direnci azal=FDr ve=20 devreden ge=E7en ak=FDm b=FCy=FCr. Ak=FDm=FDn artmas=FD termist=F6r=FC = daha =E7ok =FDs=FDt=FDr. Is=FDnan=20 termist=F6r=FCn direnci daha =E7ok d=FC=FEer. Sonunda devreden ge=E7en = ak=FDm=FDn de=F0eri,=20 r=F6lenin =E7ekme ak=FDm=FDna ula=FE=FDr. R=F6le paletini =E7eker ve = kontaklar durum de=F0i=FEtirir.=20 B=F6ylece zaman r=F6lesinin devreye ba=F0lan=FD=FE=FDndan bir s=FCre = sonra, kontaklar=FDn durum=20 de=F0i=FEtirmesi sa=F0lanm=FD=FE olur. Palet =E7ekildikten sonra, = r=F6lenin empedans=FD b=FCy=FCr ve=20 devre ak=FDm=FD azal=FDr. Termist=F6rdeki s=FDcakl=FDk y=FCkselmesi sona = erer, devre kararl=FD=20 =E7al=FD=FEmaya ba=FElar. Devredeki (A) anahtar=FD = a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, kontaklar ani olarak=20 normal konumlar=FDna d=F6nerler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Termist=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6leleri d=FCz zaman = r=F6lesi olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Termist=F6rl=FC zaman r=F6lelerinde zaman ayar=FD = yapmak olduk=E7a g=FC=E7t=FCr.=20 Devreden ge=E7en ak=FDm=FDn de=F0i=FEmesi, kontaklar=FDn durum = de=F0i=FEtirme zaman=FDn=FD=20 de=F0i=FEtirse de, bu uygun bir yol de=F0ildir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.10  VALFLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Elektrik enerjisiyle =E7al=FD=FEan = elektromanyetik musluklara=20 veya vanalara, solenoid valf ad=FD verilir. Solenoid valfler, hava, gaz, = su, ya=F0=20 ve buhar gibi ak=FD=FEkanlar i=E7in kullan=FDl=FDrlar. Ak=FD=FEkanlara = ait borular, solenoid=20 valfe vidalanarak veya rakor somunla = ba=F0lan=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_70=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 234.75pt; HEIGHT: 188.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1144" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image061.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D313 height=3D251 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image061.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_70"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.59 Valf<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir solenoid valf elektrom=FDknat=FDs ve musluk = olmak =FCzere=20 iki k=FDs=FDmdan olu=FEur. Elektrom=FDknat=FDs=FDn bobinleri d=FC=FE=FCk = veya y=FCksek gerilimde,=20 do=F0ru veya alternatif ak=FDmda =E7al=FD=FEacak =FEekilde =E7ok = =E7e=FEitli olarak=20 yap=FDl=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bobin i=E7inde bulunan demir n=FCve, valfin = diyafram=FDyla=20 mekaniksel olarak ba=F0l=FDd=FDr. Demir n=FCve ve dolay=FDs=FDyla = diyafram bir yay ile=20 a=FEa=F0=FDya do=F0ru bast=FDr=FDld=FD=F0=FDndan, solenoid valf normal = durumda kapal=FD olur.=20 <BR>Solenoid valfin bobini =FEebekeye ba=F0land=FD=F0=FDnda, demir = n=FCve ve diyafram=20 yukar=FDya =E7ekilir. Valf a=E7=FDl=FDr ve ak=FD=FEkan sol taraftaki = giri=FEten sa=F0 taraftaki=20 =E7=FDk=FD=FEa ge=E7mi=FE olur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_71=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 117pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1143" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image062.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D200 height=3D156 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image062.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_71"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.60 Valfin = simgesi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Solenoid valfler yaln=FDz bir y=F6n i=E7in = normal olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar. Solenoid valfin sol taraf=FD =E7=FDk=FD=FE ve sa=F0 = taraf=FD giri=FE olarak=20 kullan=FDl=FDrsa, solenoid valf normal g=F6revini yapamaz. =C7=FCnk=FC = sa=F0 taraftan gelen=20 ak=FD=FEkan, bobinin enerjilenmedi=F0i normal durumda da yay = bas=FDnc=FDn=FD yenerek=20 diyafram=FD yukar=FDya iter ve valfin a=E7=FDlmas=FDna neden olur. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Solenoid valfler iki ve =FC=E7 yollu olmak = =FCzere iki =FEekilde=20 yap=FDl=FDrlar. =DEekil 1.61=92te g=F6r=FClen solenoid valf normal = durumda kapal=FDd=FDr. Bobin=20 enerjilendi=F0inde, solenoid valf a=E7=FDl=FDr. Valfler =DEekil = 1.60=92deki gibi sembolize=20 edilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_72=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 104.25pt; HEIGHT: 127.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1142" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image063.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D139 height=3D170 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image063.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_72"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.61 Valfin i=E7 = yap=FDs=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.11  TERMOSTATLAR</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kat=FD, s=FDv=FD ve gazlar=FDn s=FDcal=FDk = derecelerinin sabit=20 tutulmas=FDyla kullan=FDlan kumanda elemanlar=FDna, termostat ad=FD = verilir.=20 Termostatlar elektrikli =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD veya so=F0utucular=FDn = bulunduklar=FD yerlerde=20 kullan=FDl=FDrlar. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_73=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 104.25pt; HEIGHT: 127.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1141" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image064.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D139 height=3D170 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image064.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_73"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.62 Termostat<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir termostat=FDn genellikle bimetal ve = kontaklar olmak=20 =FCzere iki k=FDs=FDm=FD vard=FDr. Is=FDt=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda genle=FEme = katsay=FDlar=FD farkl=FD olan iki ince=20 metal plaka birbirine yap=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlarak bimetal elde edilir. =DDki = metal birbirine=20 yap=FD=FE=FDk oldu=F0undan =E7ok uzayan metal k=FDsa kalan metalin = =FCzerine do=F0ru e=F0ilir.=20 Termostad=FDn bimetali =FDs=FDnd=FD=F0=FDnda =DEekil 1.63=92te = g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi bimetal sa=F0a do=F0ru=20 b=FCk=FCl=FCr.Bimetalin bu hareketi termostadda bir konta=F0=FD a=E7ar, = ba=FEka bir konta=F0=FD=20 kapat=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_74=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 126pt; HEIGHT: 162pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1140" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image065.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D168 height=3D216 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image065.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_74"><![endif]><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_75=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 126pt; HEIGHT: 162pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1139" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image066.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D168 height=3D216 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image066.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_75"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.63 S=FDcak ve so=F0uk konumda=20 bimetal<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Is=FD de=F0i=FEimlerini mekanik harekete = =E7evirme, yaln=FDz=20 bimetal ile yap=FDlmaz. =DEekil 1.64=92te g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi = y=FCksek genle=FEme katsay=FDl=FD=20 s=FDv=FD ile doldurulmu=FE bir k=F6r=FCk de ayn=FD g=F6revi yapar. = K=F6r=FCk ince ve uzun boruyla=20 k=FC=E7=FCk bir depoya ba=F0l=FDd=FDr. Bu elemanlar ve kontaklar = termostad=FD olu=FEturur.=20 Termostad=FDn k=FC=E7=FCk deposu s=FDcakl=FD=F0=FDn denetlenece=F0i yere = konur.K=FC=E7=FCk deponun=20 bulundu=F0u yerdeki s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi y=FCkseldi=F0inde, k=FC=E7=FCk = depodaki s=FDv=FD genle=FEir.=20 K=F6r=FC=F0=FCn diyafram=FD yukar=FDya do=F0ru genle=FEir. Termostad=FDn = kapal=FD konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr,=20 a=E7=FDk konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr. So=F0umada da bu olay=FDn tersi = olur.=DDnce boru ve ucundaki=20 k=FC=E7=FCk depo nedeniyle a=FEa=F0=FDdaki termostada, kuyruklu = termostat ad=FD=20 verilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_76=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 102.75pt; HEIGHT: 104.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1138" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image067.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D137 height=3D139 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image067.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_76"><![endif]><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_77=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 104.25pt; HEIGHT: 104.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1137" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image068.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D139 height=3D139 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image068.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_77"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.64 K=F6r=FCk ve konta=F0=FDn=20 durumlar=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Baz=FD termostatlarda metal kontaklar yerine = civa t=FCpl=FC=20 kontaklar, d=FCz bimetal yerine sarmal bimetal kullan=FDl=FDr. Cam = t=FCb=FCn sa=F0 ucu=20 a=FEa=F0=FDda oldu=F0unda, civa bu tarafta bulunur ve civa kontak = par=E7alar=FDn=FD=20 birle=FEtirir. T=FCb=FCn sa=F0 ucu yukar=FDya kalkt=FD=F0=FDnda, civa = di=F0er uca kayar. Kontak=20 par=E7alar=FDn=FDn aras=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. B=F6yle bir termostad=FDn = bulundu=F0u yerde s=FDcal=FDk=20 d=FC=FEerse, sarmal bimetal toplan=FDr. Termostat konta=F0=FD = kapanm=FD=FEsa a=E7=FDl=FDr, a=E7=FDlm=FD=FEsa=20 kapan=FDr. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_78=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 225pt; HEIGHT: 240pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1136" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image069.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D300 height=3D320 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image069.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_78"><![endif]><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_79=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 150pt; HEIGHT: 145.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1135" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image070.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D200 height=3D194 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image070.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_79"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.65 Civa t=FCpl=FC kontaklar ve sarmal = bimetal<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kullan=FDl=FD=FE yerlerine g=F6re termostatlar = oda, su ve kat=FD=20 madde termostatlar=FD olmak =FCzere =FC=E7 k=FDs=FDma = ayr=FDl=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.11.1    Oda=20 Termostatlar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Oda s=FDcakl=FD=F0=FDn=FDn sabit tutulmas=FDnda = kullan=FDlan=20 termostatlara denilir. =DEekil 1.66=92da iki sinyal lambal=FD bir oda = termostad=FDn=FDn=20 yap=FDs=FD verilmi=FEtir. Ortam=FDn s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi termostad=FDn = ayarl=FD oldu=F0u s=FDcakl=FDk=20 derecesinin alt=FDna d=FC=FEt=FC=F0=FCnde, termostad=FDn sol taraftaki = ana konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr ve=20 sa=F0 taraftaki yard=FDmc=FD konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. Bu durumda = =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr ve=20 ortam =FDs=FDnmaya ba=FElar. Ayn=FD anda (L1) sinyal lambas=FD da=20 yanar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_80=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 131.25pt; HEIGHT: 131.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1134" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image071.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D175 height=3D175 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image071.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_80"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.66 =DDki sinyal lambal=FD oda=20 termostad=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ortam =FDs=FDnd=FDk=E7a, bimetal sa=F0a do=F0ru = k=FDvr=FDlmak ister.=20 Fakat sabit m=FDknat=FDs bimetali hemen b=FDrakmaz.Bimetalde uygun = de=F0erde mekanik=20 gerilme do=F0unca, bimetal sabit m=FDknat=FDstan ani olarak kurtulur. = Kontaklar=20 s=FCratli olarak durum de=F0i=FEtirirler.Bu durumda =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD = =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDr. (L1)=20 sinyal lambas=FD s=F6ner, (L2) sinyal lambas=FD yanar. Is=FDt=FDc=FD = devreden =E7=FDk=FDnca, ortam=20 so=F0umaya ba=FElar.<BR>Ortam=FDn s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi termostad=FDn = ayarl=FD oldu=F0u s=FDcakl=FDk=20 derecesinin alt=FDna d=FC=FEt=FC=F0=FCnde, bimetal sola do=F0ru = k=FDvr=FDlmaya ba=FElar. Biraz sonra=20 sabit m=FDknat=FDs bimetali kendine =E7eker.<BR>Kontaklar yine ani = olarak durum=20 de=F0i=FEtirirler. Is=FDt=FDc=FD tekrar =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. (L2) = sinyal lambas=FD s=F6ner, (L1)=20 sinyal lambas=FD yanar. Termostatdaki sabit m=FDknat=FDs kontaklar=FDn = h=FDzl=FD a=E7=FDl=FDp=20 kapanmalar=FDn=FD sa=F0lad=FD=F0=FD halde, =F6nemli sak=FDnca = yarat=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=D6rne=F0in termostat <st1:metricconverter = w:st=3D"on"=20 ProductID=3D"23C">23C</st1:metricconverter>'ye ayarlanm=FD=FEsa, sabit = m=FDknat=FDs=20 bimetali bu s=FDcakl=FDkta =E7eker.Is=FDt=FDc=FD devreye girer ve ortam = =FDs=FDnmaya ba=FElar.=20 Bimetalin sabit m=FDknat=FDstan kurtulmas=FD i=E7in daha b=FCy=FCk bir = kuvvet gerekir. Bu=20 kuvvet, ortam=FDn veya termostad=FDn s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi = <st1:metricconverter=20 w:st=3D"on" ProductID=3D"33C">33C</st1:metricconverter>'ye = =E7=FDkt=FD=F0=FDnda do=F0ar. Bu=20 durumda da ortam arzulanmayacak kadar fazla =FDs=FDnm=FD=FE olur. Yani = termostat=20 <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on" = ProductID=3D"23C">23C</st1:metricconverter>'de=20 konta=F0=FDn=FD kapat=FDr, <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on"=20 ProductID=3D"33C">33C</st1:metricconverter>'e konta=F0=FDn=FD a=E7ar. = Termostad=FDn a=E7ma ve=20 kapama s=FDcakl=FDk dereceleri aras=FDndaki bu fark, termostad=FDn = diferansiyeli ad=FD=20 verilir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Termostatda diferansiyeli k=FC=E7=FCltmek = i=E7in, termostad=FDn=20 i=E7ine yapay =FDs=FD art=FD=FE=FD sa=F0layan (R1) direnci konur. = Termostad=FDn ana konta=F0=FD=20 kapan=FDp =FDs=FDt=FDc=FD devreye girdi=F0inde, (R1) direnci de = =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Ortam=20 s=FDcakl=FD=F0=FD <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on"=20 ProductID=3D"25C">25C</st1:metricconverter>'ye geldi=F0inde, (R1) = direncinin=20 sa=F0lad=FD=F0=FD =FDs=FD termostad=FDn i=E7indeki s=FDcakl=FDk = <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on"=20 ProductID=3D"33C">33C</st1:metricconverter>'ye y=FCkselir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bimetal sabit m=FDknat=FDstan kurtulur ve devre = a=E7=FDl=FDr.=20 B=F6ylece termostad=FDn a=E7ma ve kapama s=FDcakl=FDklar=FD aras=FDndaki = fark (Diferansiyel)=20 <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on" = ProductID=3D"2C">2C</st1:metricconverter>'ye d=FC=FEm=FC=FE=20 olur. Diferansiyelin =E7ok k=FC=E7=FCk olmas=FD da, sistemin s=FDk s=FDk = =E7al=FD=FE=FDp durmas=FDna=20 neden oldu=F0undan arzu edilmez. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.11.2    Su = Termostatlar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Su ve ya=F0 gibi s=FDv=FDlar=FDn s=FDcakl=FDk = derecelerinin sabit=20 tutulmas=FDnda kullan=FDlan termostatlara, su termostad=FD ad=FD = verilir. Su=20 termostadlar=FDn=FDn yap=FDs=FD oda termostatlar=FDn=FDn yap=FDs=FDna = =E7ok benzer. Su=20 termostatlar=FDnda =FDs=FD de=F0i=FEimlerini mekanik harekete =E7evirme, = d=FCz veya sarmal=20 bimetal ya da s=FDv=FD doldurulmu=FE k=F6r=FCkle yap=FDl=FDr. Su = termostatlar=FDnda da metal=20 veya civa t=FCpl=FC kontalar kullan=FDl=FDr. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Su termostatlar=FDn=FDn d=FCz ve ters olmak = =FCzere iki =E7e=FEidi=20 vard=FDr. D=FCz =E7al=FD=FEan termostatlar, s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi = d=FC=FEt=FC=F0=FCnde kontaklar=FDn=FD=20 kapat=FDrlar. S=FDcakl=FDk derecesi y=FCkselince de kontaklar=FDn=FD = a=E7arlar. D=FCz =E7al=FD=FEan su=20 termostatlar=FD, s=FDcakl=FDk derecesinin belirli bir de=F0erden daha = yukar=FDya =E7=FDkmamas=FD=20 gereken yerlerde kullan=FDl=FDrlar. Ters =E7al=FD=FEan termostatlar, = s=FDcakl=FDk derecesi=20 y=FCkselince kontaklar=FDn=FD kapat=FDrlar. S=FDcakl=FDk derecesi = d=FC=FE=FCnce de kontaklar=FDn=FD=20 a=E7arlar. Ters =E7al=FD=FEan termostatlar, s=FDcakl=FDk derecesinin = belirli bir de=F0erin=20 alt=FDna d=FC=FEmesinin istenmedi=F0i yerlerde kullan=FDl=FDrlar. = Genellikle d=FCz =E7al=FD=FEan=20 termostatlar =FDs=FDt=FDc=FDlarda, ters =E7al=FD=FEan termostatlar ise = so=F0utucularda=20 kullan=FDl=FDrlar <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.11.3    Kat=FD Madde=20 Termostatlar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Termostatlar, kat=FD maddelerin s=FDcakl=FDk = derecelerinin=20 denetiminde de kullan=FDlabilirler. =D6rne=F0in generat=F6rlerde = sarg=FDlar=FDn ve=20 yataklar=FDn s=FDcakl=FDk dereceleri termostatlarla denetlenebilir. Bu = gibi yerlerde=20 kullan=FDlan termostatlar, ya kullan=FDld=FDklar=FD yerin s=FDcakl=FDk = derecesini sabit=20 tutarlar veya s=FDcakl=FDk derecesinin y=FCkseldi=F0ini ilgililere bir = bildirim ayg=FDt=FD=20 ile duyururlar. Kat=FD maddelerin s=FDcakl=FDk derecelerinin denetiminde = kullan=FDlan=20 termostatlar, genellikle kapal=FD yap=FDl=FDrlar. Bu termostatlar = kullan=FDlacaklar=FD=20 yere uyan bir yap=FDya sahiptirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.12  PAKET =DEALTERLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir eksen etraf=FDnda d=F6nd=FCr=FClebilen, = arka arkaya dizilmi=FE=20 bir=E7ok dilimden olu=FEan ve =E7ok konumlu olan =FEalterlere, paket = =FEalter ad=FD verilir.=20 Elektriksel ayg=FDtlara otomatik olarak kumanda etmek, her zaman = ekonomik olmaz.=20 Bu nedenle ufak g=FC=E7l=FC vebasit ayg=FDtlar=FDn = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmalar=FD, daha =E7ok paket=20 =FEalterlerle yap=FDl=FDr. Paket =FEalterler, kumanda devrelerinde = butonlar=FDn yerine de=20 kullan=FDlabilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_81=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 351.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1133" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image072.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D469 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image072.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_81"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.67 =C7e=FEitli paket = =FEalterler<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterler, arka arkaya dizilmi=FE ve = paketlenmi=FE=20 bir=E7ok dilimden olu=FEur. Her dilimde bir, iki, =FC=E7 veya d=F6rt = kontak bulunur.=20 Arzulanan kontak say=FDs=FDn=FD elde etmek i=E7in, uygun say=FDda dilim = arka arkaya=20 dizilir. B=F6ylece paket =FEalterlere istenildi=F0i kadar kontak = konabilir. Paket=20 =FEalterlerin kumandas=FD, =FCzerlerinde bulunan kolu =E7evirmekle = yap=FDl=FDr. Bu kol=20 =E7evrildi=F0inde, paket =FEalterin kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve = kapan=FDrlar. Kol azar azar=20 d=F6necek =FEekilde yap=FDl=FDrsa, paket =FEalter =E7ok konumlu = olabilir. =C7ok konumlu paket=20 =FEalterlerle karma=FE=FDk kumanda problemleri = =E7=F6z=FClebilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DC=E7 komulu bir paket =FEalterin yap=FDs=FD = ve =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD =DEekil=20 1.68=92deki gibidir. Bu animasyonda paket =FEalterin yaln=FDz bir dilimi = g=F6sterilmi=FEtir. Paket =FEalterde her dilimi sabit ve hareketli = par=E7alar olmak=20 =FCzere iki k=FDs=FDmdan olu=FEur. Sabit par=E7a =FCzerine kontaklar = yerle=FEtirilir. Bir=20 eksen etraf=FDnda d=F6nen hareketli par=E7a ise, girintili ve = =E7=FDk=FDnt=FDl=FD bi=E7imde yani=20 eksantrik olarak yap=FDl=FDr. Eksantrik par=E7a =FCzerindeki girinti ve = =E7=FDk=FDnt=FDlar,=20 kontaklar=FDn a=E7=FDl=FDp kapanmas=FDn=FD sa=F0larlar. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin konumlar=FDn=FD animasyonda = g=F6rebilirsiniz.=20 =DEalterin 0 konumunda 1-2 ve 5-6 numaral=FD kontaklar a=E7=FDk, 3-4 = numaral=FD kontak ise=20 kapal=FDd=FDr. D=F6nen eksantrik par=E7a =FCzerindeki = =E7=FDk=FDnt=FDlar, kontaklar=FDn pimlerini=20 d=FD=FEar=FDya do=F0ru iterler. Bu nedenle =E7=FDk=FDnt=FDlar=FDn = kar=FE=FDlar=FDnda bulunan kontaklar=20 a=E7=FDk olurlar. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Eksantrik par=E7a girintilerinin = kar=FE=FDs=FDnda bulunan=20 kontaklardaki yaylar, pimleri i=E7eriye do=F0ru iterler. Girintilerin = kar=FE=FDlar=FDnda=20 bulunan kontaklar=FDn kapanmas=FDn=FD sa=F0larlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_82=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 129.75pt; HEIGHT: 136.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1132" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image073.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D173 height=3D182 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image073.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_82"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.68 Eksantrik = par=E7a<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalter 1 konumuna =E7evrildi=F0inde, = animasyonda=20 g=F6r=FClece=F0i gibi 1-2 ve 5-6 numaral=FD kontaklar kapan=FDr. = =C7=FCnk=FC bu kontaklar=FDn=20 pimleri d=F6nen eksantrik par=E7adaki girintilerin kar=FE=FDs=FDna = gelir. Yaylar=20 kontaklar=FDn kapanmas=FDna neden olur. D=F6nen eksantrik par=E7a = =FCzerindeki =E7=FDk=FDnt=FD 3-4=20 numaral=FD konta=F0=FDn pimini d=FD=FEar=FDya iter ve bu kontak = a=E7=FDl=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalter 2 konumuna =E7evrildi=F0inde, = 3-4 numaral=FD=20 kontak kapan=FDr. =C7=FCnk=FC bu konta=F0=FDn pimi d=F6nen eksantrik = par=E7a =FCzerindeki=20 girintinin kar=FE=FDs=FDna gelir ve yay bu konta=F0=FDn kapanmas=FDna = neden olur. <BR>Paket=20 =FEalterin 2 konumunda 1-2 ve 5-6 numaral=FD kontaklar gene kapal=FD = kal=FDrlar. Bu=20 kontaklar=FDn pimleri d=F6nen eksantrik par=E7adaki girintilerin = kar=FE=FDs=FDna gelir.=20 Yaylar bu kontaklar=FDn kapanmas=FDna neden olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_83=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 174.75pt; HEIGHT: 195.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1131" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image074.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D233 height=3D261 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image074.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_83"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.69 Paket =FEalterlerin = yap=FDs=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin 1 ve 2 konumlar=FDnda, 1-2 ve = 5-6 numaral=FD=20 kontaklar hep kapal=FD kal=FDr. Bunlardan 1-2 numaral=FD kontak, 1 = konumundan 2=20 konumuna ge=E7erken hi=E7 a=E7=FDlmaz yani durumunu aynen korur. Halbuki = 5-6 numaral=FD=20 kontak 1 konumundan 2 konumuna ge=E7erken, d=F6nen eksantrik par=E7adaki = =E7=FDk=FDnt=FD=20 nedeniyle =F6nce a=E7=FDl=FDr, sonra tekrar = kapan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalter Tablo 1.2=92deki gibi diyagramla = g=F6sterilebilir. Paket =FEalterin kontak say=FDs=FD, kontaklar=FDn = a=E7=FDl=FDp kapanmalar=FD ve=20 konumlar=FD hakk=FDnda b=FCt=FCn bilgiler bu diyagramdan kolayca = =F6=F0renilebilir.=20 Diyagram=FDn sol =FCst k=F6=FEesinde bulunan 0, 1, 2 rakamlar=FD = =FEalterin =FC=E7 konumlu=20 oldu=F0unu g=F6sterir. Bu k=FDsm=FDn alt=FDnda bulunan sat=FDrlar = =FEalterin komular=FD i=E7in, bu=20 k=FDsm=FDn sa=F0=FDnda bulunan s=FCtunlar ise =FEalterin kontaklar=FD = i=E7in kullan=FDl=FDrlar. Bu=20 =E7e=FEit diyagramlarda konumun yaz=FDld=FD=F0=FD sat=FDrla konta=F0=FDn = g=F6sterildi=F0i s=FCtunun=20 kesi=FEti=F0i kare, ya bo=FE b=FDrak=FDl=FDr veya i=E7ine bir =E7arp=FD = i=FEareti=20 konur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_84=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 102pt; HEIGHT: 99pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1130" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image075.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D136 height=3D132 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image075.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_84"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Tablo 1.2 Paket =FEalterlerin ba=F0lant=FD=20 diyagram=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Yukar=FDda =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD a=E7=FDklanan = paket =FEalterin 0 konumunda=20 1-2 ve 5-6 numaral=FD kontaklar a=E7=FDk, 3-4 numaral=FD kontak ise = kapal=FDd=FDr. Bu=20 nedenle diyagramda 0 konumun kar=FE=FDs=FDnda, 1-2 ve 5-6 numaral=FD = kontaklar=FDn=20 alt=FDndaki kareler bo=FE b=FDrak=FDl=FDr. Yaln=FDz 3-4 numaral=FD = konta=F0=FDn alt=FDnda bulunan=20 kareye =E7arp=FD i=FEareti konur. Bu diyagram=FDn 1 ve 2 numaral=FD = sat=FDrlar=FD ayn=FD =FEekilde=20 tamalan=FDr. Diyagram incelendi=F0inde, 1-2 numaral=FD konta=F0=FDn hem = 1 ve hem de 2=20 konumunda kapal=FD oldu=F0u g=F6r=FCl=FCr. Bu konta=F0a ait =E7arp=FD = i=FEaretleri aras=FDndaki=20 =E7izgi, =FEalterin 1 konumundan 2 konumuna ge=E7i=FEinde, konta=F0=FDn = a=E7=FDlmad=FD=F0=FDn=FD=20 g=F6sterir. <BR>Paket =FEalterin 1 ve 2 konumlar=FDnda 5-6 numaral=FD = kontak da=20 kapal=FDd=FDr. Bu konta=F0a ait =E7arp=FD i=FEaretleri aras=FDnda = =E7izgi bulunmad=FD=F0=FDndan, konum=20 de=F0i=FEirken konta=F0=FDn =F6nce a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FD, sonra tekrar = kapand=FD=F0=FD anla=FE=FDl=FDr. Diyagramda=20 1 ve 2 konumlar=FD aras=FDna konmu=FE k=FDr=FDk ok, bu paket =FEalterin = yayl=FD oldu=F0unu=20 g=F6sterir. Bu paket =FEalter 2 konumuna =E7evrilip b=FDrak=FDl=FDrsa, = paket =FEalter 2=20 konumunda kalmaz. Yay nedeniyle 1 konumuna = d=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.12.1    = =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.12.1.1  Paket =DEalterle Sinyal = Lambalar=FDn=FDn=20 Kontrol=FC</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu devrelerin her ikisinde de a=FEa=F0=FDda = yap=FDs=FD ve =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD=20 a=E7=FDklanan =FC=E7 konumlu ve =FC=E7 kontakl=FD yayl=FD paket =FEalter = kullan=FDlm=FD=FEt=FDr. Bu paket=20 =FEalter ile =FC=E7 sinyal lambas=FDn=FDn kumandas=FD yap=FDlmaktad=FDr. = Paket =FEalterler=20 elektrik devrelerinde =DEekil 1.70 ve =DEekil 1.71=92deki gibi=20 g=F6sterilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin 0 konumunda 3-4 numaral=FD = kontak kapal=FD=20 oldu=F0undan, yaln=FDz L2 lambas=FD yanar. 0 konumunda L1 ve L3 = lambalar=FD s=F6n=FCk=20 kal=FDrlar. Paket =FEalter 1 konumuna =E7evrildi=F0inde, 3-4 numaral=FD = kontak a=E7=FDl=FDr, 1-2=20 ve 5-6 numaral=FD kontaklar kapan=FDr. Yanan L2 lambas=FD s=F6ner, = s=F6n=FCk olan L1 ve L3=20 lambalar=FD yanarlar.<BR>Paket =FEalter 2 konumuna =E7evrildi=F0inde , = 3-4 numaral=FD=20 kontak kapan=FDr. S=F6n=FCk olan L2 lambas=FD yanar. Paket =FEalterin 2 = konumunda 1-2 ve=20 5-6 numaral=FD kontaklar kapal=FD kald=FDklar=FDndan, L1 ve L3 = lambalar=FD yanmaya devam=20 ederler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_85=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 272.25pt; HEIGHT: 303pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1129" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image076.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D363 height=3D404 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image076.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_85"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.70 =DDlgili paket =FEalter=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_86=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 171.75pt; HEIGHT: 176.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1128" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image077.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D229 height=3D235 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image077.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_86"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.71 E=FEde=F0er = devre<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1-2 numaral=FD kontak 1 konumundan 2 konumuna = ge=E7erken=20 a=E7=FDlmayaca=F0=FDndan, L1 lambas=FD bu ge=E7i=FE an=FDnda s=F6nmez. = Halbuki 5-6 numaral=FD kontak=20 1 konumundan 2 konumuna ge=E7erken ilk =F6nce a=E7=FDl=FDr, sonra tekrar = kapan=FDr. Bu=20 nedenle ge=E7i=FE an=FDnda L3 lambas=FD =F6nce s=F6ner, sonra tekrar = yanar. 2 konumundan 1=20 konumuna =E7izilmi=FE olan ok, paket =FEalterin yayl=FD oldu=F0unu = g=F6sterir. Paket =FEalter=20 2 konumuna =E7evrildikten sonra serbest b=FDrak=FDl=FDrsa, o konumda = kalmaz ve 1=20 konumuna d=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_87=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 155.25pt; HEIGHT: 177.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1127" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image078.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D207 height=3D237 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image078.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_87"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.72 Eksantrik par=E7an=FDn = ba=F0lant=FD=20 =FEekli<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.12.1.2  =DC=E7 Fazl=FD Asenkron Motora = Y=FDld=FDz=96=DC=E7gen=20 Paket =DEalterle Yol Verme</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=C7ok kontakl=FD ve =E7ok konumlu bir paket = =FEalterin ba=F0lant=FD=20 =FEemas=FDn=FD ilk =F6rnekte oldu=F0u gibi =E7izmek olduk=E7a = g=FC=E7t=FCr. Bu gibi durumlarda paket=20 =FEalterin kontaklar=FDyla ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD en basit =FEekilde = =E7izilir. Kontaklar=FDn=20 a=E7=FDl=FDp kapanmalar=FD ayr=FD bir diyagramla g=F6sterilir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_88=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 159pt; HEIGHT: 201pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1126" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image079.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D212 height=3D268 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image079.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_88"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.73 Y=FDld=FDz-=DC=E7gen = ba=F0lant=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_89=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 121.5pt; HEIGHT: 197.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1125" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image080.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D162 height=3D263 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image080.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_89"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.74 =DC=E7gen = ba=F0lant=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.73=92te =FC=E7 fazl=FD bir asenkron = motora y=FDld=FDz-=FC=E7gen=20 paket =FEalterle yol verilmesine ait ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD = verilmi=FEtir. Bu ba=F0lant=FDda =FC=E7=20 konumlu ve sekiz kontakl=FD bir paket =FEalter = kullan=FDlm=FD=FEt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_90=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 121.5pt; HEIGHT: 163.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1124" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image081.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D162 height=3D218 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image081.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_90"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.75 Y=FDld=FDz = ba=F0lant=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterde bulunan kontaklar=FDn = a=E7=FDl=FDp kapanmalar=FD=20 animasyonda g=F6r=FClmektedir. Paket =FEalterin 0 konumunda b=FCt=FCn = kontaklar a=E7=FDkt=FDr.=20 Paket =FEalter 1 konumuna =E7evrildi=F0inde, diyagramdan = g=F6r=FClece=F0i =FCzere M ve A=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. G=FC=E7 devresinde kapanan M ve A kontaklar=FD, = motoru y=FDld=FDz=20 olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lar. B=F6ylece asenkron motor yol almaya = ba=FElar.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_91=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 174.75pt; HEIGHT: 136.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1123" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image082.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D233 height=3D182 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image082.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_91"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.76 Y=FDld=FDz ba=F0lant=FD devre=20 tipi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_92=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 270pt; HEIGHT: 123.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1122" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image083.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D360 height=3D165 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image083.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_92"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.77 =DC=E7gen ba=F0lant=FD devre=20 tipi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir s=FCre sonra paket =FEalter 2 konumuna = =E7evrilir. Paket=20 =FEalterin bu konumunda M kontaklar=FD gene kapal=FD kal=FDr. Yaln=FDz A = kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr=20 ve k=FDsa bir s=FCre sonra B kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. G=FC=E7 devresinde = kapanan B kontaklar=FD=20 motoru =FC=E7gen ba=F0lar. B=F6ylece asenkron motor yol alm=FD=FE ve = =FC=E7gen =E7al=FD=FEmaya=20 ba=FElam=FD=FE olur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_93=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 77.25pt; HEIGHT: 204.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1121" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image084.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D103 height=3D273 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image084.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_93"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.78 Kontaklar=FDn zamana ba=F0l=FD=20 de=F0i=FEimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_94=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 297pt; HEIGHT: 162pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1120" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image085.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D396 height=3D216 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image085.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_94"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Tablo 1.3 Paket =DEalter Ba=F0lant=FD Tablosu=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">1.12.1.3  Rotoru Sarg=FDl=FD Bir Asenkron = Motora Paket=20 =DEalterle Yol Verme</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu k=FDs=FDmda, rotoru sarg=FDl=FD bir asenkron = motora paket=20 =FEalterle yol verilmesine ait ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu = ba=F0lant=FDda be=FE=20 konumlu ve dokuz kontakl=FD bir paket =FEalter = kullan=FDlm=FD=FEt=FDr.<BR>Asenkron motor=20 devresine =FC=E7 kademe yol verme direnci ba=F0lanm=FD=FEt=FDr. Paket = =FEalter 0 konumundayken=20 b=FCt=FCn kontaklar a=E7=FDkt=FDr. Paket =FEalter 1 konumuna = =E7evrildi=F0inde diyagramdan=20 g=F6r=FClece=F0i =FCzere M kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_95=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 444pt; HEIGHT: 374.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1119" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image086.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D592 height=3D499 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image086.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_95"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.79 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.79=92da g=F6r=FClen g=FC=E7 = devresinde M kontaklar=FD=20 kapan=FDnca, rotor devresinde =FC=E7 kademe diren=E7 ba=F0l=FD iken, = motor yol almaya=20 ba=FElar. Bir s=FCre sonra paket =FEalter 2 konumuna =E7evrilir. = Diyagramdan g=F6r=FClece=F0i=20 =FCzere, =FEalterin bu konumunda M kontaklar=FD kapal=FD kal=FDrken, = ayr=FDca A kontaklar=FD=20 da kapan=FDr.<BR>G=FC=E7 devresinde kapanan A kontaklar=FD, = diren=E7lerin birinci=20 kademesini k=FDsa devre ederler. Motorun devir say=FDs=FD y=FCkselmeye = devam eder. Bir=20 s=FCre sonra paket =FEalter 3 konumuna =E7evrilir. Paket =FEalterin bu = konumunda M ve A=20 kontaklar=FD kapal=FD kal=FDr. Ayr=FDca B kontaklar=FD da = kapan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_96=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 258.75pt; HEIGHT: 154.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1118" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image087.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D345 height=3D206 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image087.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_96"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Tablo 1.4 Paket =DEalter Ba=F0lant=FD=20 Tablosu<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 devresinde kapanan B kontaklar=FD, = diren=E7lerin ikinci=20 kademesini k=FDsa devre ederler. Motorun devir say=FDs=FD artmaya devem = eder. Bir s=FCre=20 sonra da paket =FEalter 4 konumuna =E7evrilir. Paket =FEalterin bu = konumunda M, A ve B=20 kontaklar=FD kapal=FD kal=FDr. Ayr=FDca C kontaklar=FD da = kapan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_97=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 193.5pt; HEIGHT: 168.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1117" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image088.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D258 height=3D225 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image088.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_97"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.80 Eksantrik par=E7alar=FDn devreye=20 ba=F0lant=FDs=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 devresinde kapanan C kontaklar=FD, = diren=E7lerin =FC=E7=FCnc=FC=20 kademesini k=FDsa devre ederler. B=F6ylece rotor diren=E7lerinin hepsi = devreden=20 =E7=FDkar=FDlm=FD=FE ve motora yol verilmi=FE = olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_98=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1116" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_98"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.50 Kontaklar=FDn Zamana Ba=F0l=FD = De=F0i=FEimi=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">B=D6L=DCM 2</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">HAREKET S=DDSTEMLER=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.1   GENEL = B=DDLG=DDLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir motor, yol alma an=FDnda kendisine, = devresine ve=20 =FEebekeye zarar vermeyecek b=FCy=FCkl=FCkte ak=FDm =E7ekiyorsa, b=F6yle = bir motor direkt=20 olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lanabilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_99=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189.75pt; HEIGHT: 81.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1115" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image090.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D253 height=3D109 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image090.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_99"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.1 G=FC=E7 = devreleri<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 1.47=92de verilen bir =FE=F6nt motorun = ve bir asenkron=20 motorun direkt olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lanmas=FD i=E7in, M = kontaklar=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FD=20 gerekir. Devreye ba=F0lanan bu motorlar M kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDncaya = kadar =E7al=FD=FEmaya=20 devam ederler. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">M kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDnca, =E7al=FD=FEan = motorlar durur. M=20 kontaklar=FDn=FD a=E7=FDp kapayacak M kontakt=F6r bobini, devreye = =E7e=FEitli =FEekillerde=20 ba=F0lanabilir. Ayr=FDca M kontaklar=FD k=FDsa veya uzun s=FCre = kapat=FDlarak, motorlar=FDn=20 kesik veya s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD sa=F0lanabilir. Bu b=F6l=FCmde = kesik ve s=FCrekli=20 =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma, paket =FEalterle, butonla ve uzaktan kumanda = y=F6ntemleri=20 anlat=FDlacakt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.2   KES=DDK VE S=DCREKL=DD=20 =C7ALI=DETIRMA</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Baz=FD hareketli ayg=FDtlarda (i=FE = tezgahlar=FDnda ve vin=E7lerde)=20 motorlar=FDn hem s=FCrekli ve hem de kesik olarak = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmalar=FD istenebilir. Bir=20 motorun kesik =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmas=FDna, genellikle hareket eden = par=E7an=FDn durumunu=20 ayarlamak i=E7in ihtiya=E7 duyulur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.2.1  =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.2.1.1  G=FC=E7 ve Kumanda Devresi Tek = Kontakt=F6rl=FC=20 Devre</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.2=92de motorlar=FD kesik ve s=FCrekli = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrabilecek=20 bir kumanda devresi g=F6r=FClmektedir. Bu devrede Ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, M=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. G=FC=E7 devresinde normalde a=E7=FDk M = kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr.=20 Kumanda devresinde kapanan M konta=F0=FD, Ba=FElatma butonunu = m=FCh=FCrler. Durdurma=20 butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar M kontakt=F6r=FC ve motor s=FCrekli = olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_100=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 144.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1114" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image091.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D193 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image091.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_100"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_101=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189.75pt; HEIGHT: 99pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1113" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image092.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D253 height=3D132 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image092.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_101"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.2 Tek kontakt=F6rl=FC g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayn=FD devrede kesik =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma = butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, R=20 faz=FDndan gelen ak=FDm durdurma butonundan ve kesik =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma = butonunun alt=20 kontaklar=FDndan ge=E7erek, M kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 = devresinde M=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor direkt olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. M = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn ve=20 motorun =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, kesik =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonuna = bas=FDld=FDk=E7a devam=20 eder.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken, Kesik = =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonuna=20 bas=FDl=FDrsa, kumanda devresi kesik =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma g=F6revi yapmaya = ba=FElar. Motor kesik=20 =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDl=FDrken, kumanda devresinde M m=FCh=FCrleme = konta=F0=FD da kapan=FDr. Kesik=20 =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonu ani olarak serbest b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, M = m=FCh=FCrleme konta=F0=FD=20 a=E7=FDlmadan, Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonunun =FCst kontaklar=FD = kapanabilir. Bu durumda=20 motor s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FEmaya ba=FElar. Motorun durmas=FD beklenirken = =E7al=FD=FEmaya devam=20 etmesi, bu devrenin =F6nemli bir = sak=FDncas=FDd=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.2.1.2  G=FC=E7 ve Kumanda Devresi =C7ift = Kontakt=F6rl=FC=20 Devre</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.3=92te motorlar=FD kesik ve s=FCrekli = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrabilecek=20 =E7ift kontakt=F6rl=FC bir kumanda devresi verilmi=FEtir. Burada A ve M = b=FCy=FCk g=FC=E7l=FCd=FCr.=20 Bu devrede Ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, M kontakt=F6r=FC = enerjilenir. G=FC=E7=20 devresinde normalde a=E7=FDk M kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Kumanda = devresinde kapanan M=20 konta=F0=FD, Ba=FElatma butonunu m=FCh=FCrler. Durdurma butonuna = bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar M=20 kontakt=F6r=FC ve motor s=FCrekli olarak = =E7al=FD=FE=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_102=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1112" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_102"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"> <SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape = id=3DResim_x0020_103=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189.75pt; HEIGHT: 118.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1111" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image093.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D253 height=3D158 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image093.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_103"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.3 =C7ift kontakt=F6rl=FC g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayn=FD devrede Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma = butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, R=20 faz=FDndan gelen ak=FDm durdurma butonundan ve kesik =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma = butonunun alt=20 kontaklar=FDndan ge=E7erek, A kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 = devresinde A=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor direkt olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. A = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn ve=20 motorun =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonuna = bas=FDld=FDk=E7a devam eder. Motor=20 s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken, Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonuna = bas=FDl=FDrsa, kumanda devresi kesik=20 =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrma g=F6revi yapmaya ba=FElar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.2.1.3  G=FC=E7 Devresi Tek, Kumanda = Devresi =C7ift=20 Kontakt=F6rl=FC Devre</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.2'deki kumanda devresinde bulunan = sak=FDnca, bir=20 r=F6lenin eklendi=F0i =DEekil 2.4=92te g=F6r=FClmez. Burada A = k=FC=E7=FCk g=FC=E7l=FC, M ise b=FCy=FCk=20 g=FC=E7l=FCd=FCr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_104=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1110" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_104"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"> <SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape = id=3DResim_x0020_105=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 240pt; HEIGHT: 81.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1109" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image094.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D320 height=3D109 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image094.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_105"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.4 G=FC=E7 devresinde tek kontakt=F6r = bulunan, =E7ift=20 kontakt=F6rl=FC kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.4=92te verilen kumanda devresinde = ba=FElatma butonuna=20 bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, R faz=FDndan gelen ak=FDm durdurma, Kesik = =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma ve Ba=FElatma=20 butonlar=FDndan ge=E7erek, A r=F6lesini enerjilendirir. Kapanan A1 = konta=F0=FD Ba=FElatma=20 butonunu m=FCh=FCrler. Kapanan A2 konta=F0=FD ise M kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC = enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7=20 devresinde M kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor direkt olarak =FEebekeye = ba=F0lan=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Durdurma butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar, motor = s=FCrekli olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Motor dururken veya =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken Kesik = =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonuna bas=FDl=FDrsa,=20 motor kesik =E7al=FD=FEmaya ba=FElar. Bu durumda R faz=FDndan gelen = ak=FDm, Durdurma=20 butonundan ve Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonunun alt kontaklar=FDndan = ge=E7erek, M=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 devresinde M kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDr ve motor direkt=20 olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonuna = bas=FDld=FDk=E7a, motor =E7al=FD=FEmaya=20 devam eder. Kesik =C7al=FD=FEt=FDrma butonu ani olarak serbest = b=FDrak=FDlsa bile, =E7al=FD=FEan=20 motor hemen durur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.3   PAKET =DEALTERLE = KUMANDA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 devreleri konu ba=FEl=FDklar=FD = alt=FDnda verilen motorlardan=20 birinin direkt olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lanmas=FD, bir paket =FEalter ile = de=20 ger=E7ekle=FEtirilebilir. Paket =FEalterle yap=FDlan devrelerin =FC=E7 = ayr=FD =E7e=FEidi vard=FDr.=20 Her =FC=E7 =FEekilde de g=FC=E7 devresi ayn=FDd=FDr. Bu devrelerin = =E7al=FD=FEmalar=FD ve =F6zellikleri=20 =FEu =FEekildedir :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.3.1  =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.3.1.1  =DDki Konumlu Paket =DEalterle=20 Kumanda</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu =F6rnekte kal=FDc=FD paket =FEalterle = yap=FDlan bir kumanda=20 devresi verilmi=FEtir. Paket =FEalterin =E7al=FD=FEma ve durma olmak = =FCzere iki konumu=20 vard=FDr. Durma konumunda paket =FEalterin konta=F0=FD = a=E7=FDkt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_106=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 80.25pt; HEIGHT: 123.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1108" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image095.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D107 height=3D165 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image095.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_106"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_107=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1107" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_107"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.5 =DDki konumlu paket =FEalterle = kontrol yapan g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin kolu =E7al=FD=FEma konumuna = getirildi=F0inde,=20 paket =FEalterin konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr. M kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_108=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 240pt; HEIGHT: 100.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1106" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image096.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D320 height=3D134 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image096.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_108"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.6 Paket =FEalter ba=F0lant=FD=20 =FEemas=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 devresinde M kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve = motor direkt=20 olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Paket =FEalterle yap=FDlan bu kumanda = devresi, kal=FDc=FD=20 butonlarla yap=FDlan kumanda devrelerinin =F6zelli=F0ine=20 sahiptir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.3.1.2  =DDki Konumlu Paket =DEalterle = =DDki R=F6lenin=20 Kumandas=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.7=92de bir kal=FDc=FD paket = =FEalterle yap=FDlan kumanda=20 devresi verilmi=FEtir. Bu paket =FEalterin de =E7al=FD=FEma ve durma = olmak =FCzere iki=20 konumu vard=FDr. Bu kumanda devresinde bir de DG d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim = r=F6lesi=20 kullan=FDlm=FD=FEt=FDr. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_109=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 100.5pt; HEIGHT: 123.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1105" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image097.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D134 height=3D165 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image097.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_109"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">   <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_110=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1104" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_110"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.7 =DDki konumlu paket =FEalterle, iki = r=F6lenin=20 kontrol=FCn=FC yapan g=FC=E7 ve kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalter durma konumundayken, R = faz=FDndan gelen ak=FDm=20 =FEalterin =FCst konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7erek DG d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim = r=F6lesinden devresini tamamlar.=20 G d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim r=F6lesi enerjilenir ve kumanda devresinde bulunan = DG konta=F0=FDn=FD=20 kapat=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_111=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 286.5pt; HEIGHT: 100.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1103" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image098.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D382 height=3D134 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image098.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_111"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.8 Paket =FEalter ba=F0lant=FD=20 =FEemas=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin kolu =E7al=FD=FEma konumuna = =E7evrildi=F0inde,=20 =FEalterin =FCst konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve alt konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr. = R faz=FDndan gelen ak=FDm DG=20 konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7erek DG d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim r=F6lesi =FCzerinden = devresini tamamlar.=20 B=F6ylece DG d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim r=F6lesi s=FCrekli olarak = =E7al=FD=FE=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">DG konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7en ak=FDm=FDn bir = k=FDsm=FD, paket =FEalterin alt=20 konta=F0=FDndan da ge=E7erek M kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. = G=FC=E7 devresinde M=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Motor =FEebekeye direkt olarak ba=F0lan=FDr. = Motorun =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD,=20 =FEalter kolu durma konumuna getirilinceye kadar devam eder. Motor = =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken=20 =FEebeke gerilimi d=FC=FEer veya kesilirse, =E7al=FD=FEan DG r=F6lesi ve = M kontakt=F6r=FC a=E7=FDl=FDr.=20 =C7al=FD=FEan motor durur. Normal gerilim tekrara geldi=F0inde, = =FEalterin =FCst konta=F0=FD ve=20 DG konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDk oldu=F0undan , DG r=F6lesi ve M kontakt=F6r=FC=20 enerjilenemez.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motoru tekrar =E7al=FD=FEt=FDrmak i=E7in, = =FEalter kolu =F6nce durma=20 konumuna getirilir. Sonra tekrar =E7al=FD=FEma konumuna =E7evrilir. Yani = kumanda=20 devresi, ani temasl=FD butonlarla yap=FDlan kumanda devrelerinin = =F6zelli=F0ini ta=FE=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.3.1.3  =DC=E7 Konumlu Paket =DEalterle=20 Kumanda</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.8=92de yayl=FD paket =FEalterle = yap=FDlan bir kumanda=20 devresi verilmi=FEtir. Bu devrede kullan=FDlan paket =FEalterin = ba=FElatma, normal ve=20 durdurma olmak =FCzere =FC=E7 konumu vard=FDr. =DEalter kolu ba=FElatma = veya durdurma=20 konumlar=FDna =E7evrilirse, kol =E7evrildi=F0i durumda kalmaz. Bir yay, = kolun normal=20 konumuna d=F6nmesini sa=F0lar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_112=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 100.5pt; HEIGHT: 136.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1102" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image099.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D134 height=3D182 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image099.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_112"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_113=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1101" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_113"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.9 =DC=E7 konumlu paket =FEalterle = kontrol yapan g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin kolu ba=FElatma konumuna = getirildi=F0inde,=20 =FEalterin =FCst ve alt kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. R faz=FDndan gelen = ak=FDm her iki =FEalter=20 konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7erek, M kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDr. = Paket =FEalterin kolu serbest=20 b=FDrak=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, kol normal konumuna d=F6ner. Bu durumda = =FEalterin =FCst konta=F0=FD=20 kapal=FD kal=FDr, alt konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. R faz=FDndan gelen = ak=FDm =FEalterin =FCst konta=F0=FDndan=20 ve kapanm=FD=FE M m=FCh=FCrleme konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7erek, M = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC s=FCrekli olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDr. G=FC=E7 devresinde M kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Motor = =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_114=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 158.25pt; HEIGHT: 81.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1100" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image100.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D211 height=3D109 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image100.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_114"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.10 Paket =FEalter ba=F0lant=FD=20 =FEemas=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin kolu durdurma konumuna = =E7evrilinceye kadar=20 motor =E7al=FD=FEmaya devam eder. Kol durdurma konumuna = =E7evrildi=F0inde, =FEalterin her=20 iki konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. M kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn enerjisi kesilir ve = motor durur. Yani=20 kumanda devresi, ani temasl=FD butonlarla yap=FDlan kumanda devrelerinin = =F6zelli=F0ine=20 sahiptir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.4   BUTONLA KUMANDA</SPAN></B><SPAN = style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlar=FDn direkt ba=FElat=FDlmalar=FDnda = butonlar daha =E7ok=20 kullan=FDl=FDrlar. Butonlarla yap=FDlan kumanda devrelerinin = =E7e=FEitleri, =E7al=FD=FEmalar=FD ve=20 =F6zellikleri a=FEa=F0=FDdaki k=FDs=FDmlarda a=E7=FDklanacakt=FDr = :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.4.1  =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.4.1.1  Kal=FDc=FD Butonla = Tasarlanm=FD=FE Kumanda=20 Devresi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.9=92da kal=FDc=FD butonlarla = yap=FDlan bir kumanda=20 devresi g=F6r=FClmektedir. Bu devrede kullan=FDlan butonlar=FDn = aras=FDnda mekanik bir ba=F0=20 vard=FDr. Ba=F0=FD sa=F0layan kol A noktas=FD etraf=FDnda = d=F6nebilir.<BR>Devrede ba=FElatma=20 butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, bu buton ve mekanik ba=F0 nedeniyle = durdurma butonu=20 kapan=FDr. M kontakt=F6r=FC =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. G=FC=E7 devresinde M = kontaklar=FD=20 kapan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_115=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1099" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_115"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_116=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 158.25pt; HEIGHT: 81.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1098" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image101.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D211 height=3D109 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image101.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_116"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.11 Kal=FDc=FD buton g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlar direkt olarak devreye ba=F0lan=FDr. = Durdurma=20 butonuna bas=FDl=FDnca, durdurma butonu mekanik ba=F0 nedeniyle = ba=FElatma butonu=20 a=E7=FDl=FDr. M kontakt=F6r bobininin ak=FDm=FD kesilir. =C7al=FD=FEan = motor durur. Kal=FDc=FD=20 butonlarla yap=FDlan devrede M kontakt=F6r=FC =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken = =FEebeke gerilimi d=FC=FEer veya=20 kesilirse, M kontakt=F6r=FC a=E7=FDl=FDr ve motor durur. Normal gerilim = tekrar geldi=F0inde,=20 ba=FElatma ve durdurma butonlar=FD durumlar=FDn=FD koruduklar=FDnda, M = kontakt=F6r=FC tekrar=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Bu =F6zelli=F0i nedeniyle kal=FDc=FD butonlar pompalar, = kompres=F6rler,=20 aspirat=F6rler ve vantilat=F6rlerin kumanda devrelerinde=20 kullan=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.4.1.2  Ani Temasl=FD Butonla = Tasarlanm=FD=FE Kumanda=20 Devresi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.10=92da ani temasl=FD butonlarla = yap=FDlan bir kumanda=20 devresi g=F6r=FClmektedir. Bu devrede kullan=FDlan butonlar=FDn her = ikisi de yayl=FDd=FDr.=20 Ani temasl=FD bir buton bas=FDl=FDp serbest b=FDrak=FDl=FDrsa, yay = butonun normal konumuna=20 d=F6nmesini sa=F0lar. Motor devreye direkt olarak = ba=F0lan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_117=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1097" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_117"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">   <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_118=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 192pt; HEIGHT: 139.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1096" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image102.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D256 height=3D186 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image102.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_118"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.10 Ani temasl=FD buton g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Devrede ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, M kontakt=F6r=FC=20 enerjilenir. M kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve kumanda devresinde bulunan = normalde a=E7=FDk M=20 konta=F0=FDna, m=FCh=FCrleme konta=F0=FD ad=FD verilir. M kontakt=F6r=FC = =E7al=FD=FE=FDnca, m=FCh=FCrleme=20 konta=F0=FD da kapan=FDr. Ba=FElatma butonu serbest b=FDrak=FDl=FDnca, M = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn bobin=20 ak=FDm=FD kendi konta=F0=FD =FCzerinden devresini tamamlar. Bu nedenle = motorlar=FDn s=FCrekli=20 =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD i=E7in, ba=FElatma butonuna devaml=FD olarak basmak = gerekmez.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Durdurma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, M = kontakt=F6r bobininin=20 ak=FDm=FD kesilir. G=FC=E7 devresinde M kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve = =E7al=FD=FEan motor durur. Normal=20 gerilim tekrar geldi=F0inde, ba=FElatma butonu ve M m=FCh=FCrleme = konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDk=20 oldu=F0undan, M kontakt=F6r=FC =E7al=FD=FEmaz. Devrenin bu =F6zelli=F0i = nedeniyle ani temasl=FD=20 butonlar genellikle i=FE tezgahlar=FDn=FDn kumandas=FDnda=20 kullan=FDl=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">2.5   UZAKTAN KUMANDA</SPAN></B><SPAN = style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlar birden fazla ba=FElatma butonuyla = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDl=FDp,=20 birden fazla durdurma butonuyla durdurulursa, b=F6yle bir = =E7al=FD=FEmaya uzaktan=20 kumanda ad=FD verilir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Uzaktan kumanda devrelerinde durdurma = butonlar=FD birbirine=20 seri, ba=FElatma butonlar=FD birbirine parelel ba=F0lan=FDrlar. B=F6yle = bir devrede=20 ba=FElatma butonlar=FDndan birine bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, R faz=FDndan = gelen ak=FDm durdurma=20 butonlar=FDndan ve bas=FDlm=FD=FE olan ba=FElatma butonunu ge=E7erek, M = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC=20 enerjilendirir. M konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr ve ba=FElatma butonlar=FDn=FD = m=FCh=FCrler. G=FC=E7=20 devresinde kapanan M kontaklar=FD, motoru direkt olarak =FEebekeye = ba=F0lar. Di=F0er bir=20 ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDl=FDrsa, kumanda devresi tekrar ayn=FD = =FEekilde =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Yani M=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir ve motor =E7al=FD=FEmaya = ba=FElar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_119=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 153pt; HEIGHT: 186pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1095" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image103.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D204 height=3D248 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image103.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_119"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_120=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1094" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_120"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 2.11 Uzaktan kumandan=FDn g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=C7al=FD=FEan motoru durdurmak i=E7in, durdurma = butonlar=FDndan=20 birine bas=FDl=FDr. Bu durumda M kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn enerjisi kesilir. = G=FC=E7 devresinde=20 kapanm=FD=FE olan M kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve motor durur. Paket = =FEalterlerle de=20 motorlar=FDn uzaktan kumandas=FD yap=FDlabilir. Yaln=FDz kal=FDc=FD = paket =FEalterler uzaktan=20 kumanda devrelerinde kullan=FDlamazlar. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">B=D6L=DCM 3</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">D=D6N=DC=DE Y=D6N=DC = DE=D0=DD=DET=DDRME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.1   GENEL = B=DDLG=DDLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Do=F0ru ak=FDm motorlar=FDn=FDn d=F6n=FC=FE = y=F6n=FCn=FC de=F0i=FEtirmek i=E7in,=20 ba=F0lant=FDda end=FCvi veya uyart=FDm sarg=FDs=FDn=FDn u=E7lar=FD = de=F0i=FEtirilir. Kumanda=20 devrelerinde genellikle end=FCvi u=E7lar=FD de=F0i=FEtirilerek, motorun = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC=20 de=F0i=FEtirilir. B=F6ylece motorun maksimum momentle yol almas=FD = sa=F0lanm=FD=FE ve=20 kontaklardaki ark=FDn =E7ok b=FCy=FCmesi =F6nlenmi=FE = olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_121=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1093" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_121"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.1 D=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC de=F0i=FEtirme = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir do=F0ru ak=FDm motorunun maksimum momentle = yol almas=FD=20 i=E7in, motorun uyart=FDm sarg=FDs=FD =FEekilde oldu=F0u gibi direkt = olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0l=FD=20 tutulur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">I ve G kontaklar=FDyla da end=FCvi u=E7lar=FD, = dolay=FDs=FDyla=20 end=FCviden ge=E7en ak=FDm=FDn y=F6n=FC de=F0i=FEtirilir. B=F6yle bir = devrede I kontaklar=FD=20 kapand=FD=F0=FDnda, ak=FDm end=FCviden yukar=FDdan a=FEa=F0=FDya do=F0ru = ge=E7er. Motor ileri y=F6nde=20 d=F6ner. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorun d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC, I = kontaklar=FDn=FDn a=E7=FDlmas=FD ve G=20 kontaklar=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FDyla de=F0i=FEtirilir. G kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDnca, ak=FDm end=FCviden=20 a=FEa=F0=FDdan yukar=FDya do=F0ru ge=E7er. Motor geri y=F6nde d=F6ner. = End=FCvi u=E7lar=FD veya=20 end=FCviden ge=E7en ak=FDm=FDn y=F6n=FC de=F0i=FEince, motorun = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC de=F0i=FEtirilmi=FE olur.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir fazl=FD asenkron motorlar=FDn d=F6n=FC=FE = y=F6n=FCn=FCn=20 de=F0i=FEtirilmesi, ana ve yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FDn=FDn u=E7lar=FDn=FD = de=F0i=FEtirmekle sa=F0lan=FDr. B=F6yle=20 bir devrenin =FEemas=FD =DEekil 3.2=92de verilen do=F0ru ak=FDm = motorunun g=FC=E7 devresine =E7ok=20 benzer.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DC=E7 fazl=FD asenkron motorlar=FDn = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FC de=F0i=FEtirmek=20 i=E7in, motora giden iki faz=FDn yerini de=F0i=FEtirmek gerekir. =DEekil = 3.2=92de verilen =FC=E7=20 fazl=FD asenkron motor devresinde I kontaklar=FD kapand=FD=F0=FDnda, = =FC=E7 faz motora R, S, T=20 s=FDras=FDyla ba=F0lan=FDr ve motor ileri y=F6nde = d=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_122=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 158.25pt; HEIGHT: 160.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1092" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image105.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D211 height=3D214 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image105.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_122"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.2 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayn=FD devrede I kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDp G = kontaklar=FD=20 kapand=FD=F0=FDnda, motora ba=F0lanan fazlar=FDn s=FDras=FD T, S, R = olur. Motor geri y=F6nde=20 d=F6ner. Gerek do=F0ru ve gerekse alternatif ak=FDm devrelerinde = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC=20 de=F0i=FEtirilirken, I ve G kontaklar=FDn=FDn =E7ok k=FDsa bir s=FCre = beraberce kapal=FD=20 kalmalar=FD, k=FDsa devreye neden olur. Bir k=FDsa devre ise devrenin = =E7e=FEitli=20 yerlerinde b=FCy=FCk zararlara yol a=E7ar. D=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FCn = de=F0i=FEtirilmesinde bir k=FDsa=20 devreyi =F6nlemek i=E7in, =FC=E7 =E7e=FEit kilitleme kullan=FDl=FDr. = Bunlar b=F6l=FCm ba=FEl=FD=F0=FD=20 alt=FDndaki k=FDs=FDmlarda ayr=FD ayr=FD = a=E7=FDklanacakt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.2   MEKAN=DDK = K=DDL=DDTLEME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kumanda devrelerinde mekanik kilitleme, =DEekil = 3.3=92te=20 g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi kontakt=F6r bobinlerini birbirine ba=F0layan = kesik =E7izgilerle=20 g=F6sterilir. =DDki kontakt=F6r=FCn paletleri bir eksen etraf=FDnda = d=F6nebilen bir =E7ubukla=20 birbirine ba=F0lan=FDrsa, bu ba=F0lant=FDya mekanik kilitleme ad=FD = verilir.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_123=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 123pt; HEIGHT: 163.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1091" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image106.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D164 height=3D218 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image106.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_123"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_124=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 123pt; HEIGHT: 163.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1090" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image107.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D164 height=3D218 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image107.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_124"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.3 Mekanik kilitleme g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Mekanik kilitlemeli kontakt=F6rlerde her iki = kontakt=F6re ait=20 kontaklar ayn=FD anda kapanamazlar. Bu nedenle mekanik kilitlemeli = devrelerde bir=20 k=FDsa devre meydana gelmez. Hatta k=FDsa devre nedeniyle bir = kontakt=F6r=FCn kontaklar=FD=20 kaynam=FD=FEsa, di=F0er kontakt=F6r enerjilendi=F0inde birbirine = yap=FD=FEm=FD=FE olan kontaklar=FD=20 a=E7ar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">E=F0er yap=FD=FEm=FD=FE kontaklar=FD = a=E7amazsa, kendi kontaklar=FDn=FD=20 kapayamaz. B=F6ylece her iki kontakt=F6re ait kontaklar=FDn beraberce = kapal=FD kalmalar=FD=20 ve bir k=FDsa devreye neden olmalar=FD =F6nlenmi=FE olur. Bu =F6zellik = mekanik=20 kilitlemenin en b=FCy=FCk = =FCst=FCnl=FC=F0=FCd=FCr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Mekanik kilitleme genellikle do=F0ru ak=FDmda = =E7al=FD=FEan=20 kontakt=F6rlerde kullan=FDl=FDr. Sak=FDncal=FD oldu=F0u halde mekanik = kilitlemenin=20 alternatif ak=FDmda =E7al=FD=FEan kontakt=F6rlerde de = kullan=FDld=FD=F0=FD=20 g=F6r=FCl=FCr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_125=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1089" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_125"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.4 Enerjisiz = kontakt=F6r<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_126=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 158.25pt; HEIGHT: 160.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1088" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image105.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D211 height=3D214 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image105.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_126"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.5 Enerjilenmi=FE = kontakt=F6r<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.5, motoru ileri y=F6nde = d=F6nd=FCrecek bir I=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn enerjili durumunu g=F6stermektedir. Do=F0ru ak=FDmla = beslenen bir=20 kumanda devresinde I kontakt=F6r=FC =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken G kontakt=F6r=FC = enerjilenirse, G=20 kontakt=F6r=FC paletini =E7ekip kontaklar=FDn=FD kapatamaz. =C7=FCnk=FC = G kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn paleti=20 demir n=FCvesinden uzakta bulunur. Bu nedenle G kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn = paletini =E7ekme=20 kuvveti, I kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn paletini =E7ekme kuvvetinden daha = k=FC=E7=FCk=20 olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G kontakt=F6r=FC kontaklar=FDn=FD kapat=FDp = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FC=20 de=F0i=FEtiremez. Alternatif ak=FDmla beslenen bir kumanda devresinde I = kontakt=F6r=FC=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken G kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenirse, bu kontakt=F6r de = paletini =E7ekip=20 kontaklar=FDn=FD kapatamaz. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayr=FDca manyetik devresi a=E7=FDk = kald=FD=F0=FDndan, bobin empedans=FD=20 =E7ok d=FC=FEer. Bobin fazla ak=FDm =E7eker ve yanar. Kumanda = devrelerinde mekanik=20 kilitleme kontakt=F6r bobinlerini birbirine ba=F0layan kesik = =E7izgilerle=20 g=F6sterilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.2.1  =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.2.1.1  Butonlarla D=F6n=FC=FE = Y=F6n=FCn=FCn=20 De=F0i=FEtirilmesi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.6=92da butonlarla yap=FDlan ve = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FCn=20 de=F0i=FEtirilmesinde kullan=FDlan bir ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD = verilmi=FEtir.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_127=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1087" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_127"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_128=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 159pt; HEIGHT: 150.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1086" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image108.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D212 height=3D201 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image108.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_128"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.6 Butonlarla d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FC = de=F0i=FEtirmenin g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu ba=F0lant=FDda ileri butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, I kontakt=F6r=FC=20 enerjilenir. G=FC=E7 devresinde I kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Motor ileri = y=F6nde d=F6ner.=20 Kumanda devresinde kapanan I konta=F0=FD, ileri butonunu m=FCh=FCrler.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Durdurma butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar, motor = ileri y=F6nde=20 s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Motor ileri y=F6nde d=F6nerken geri butonuna = bas=FDl=FDrsa, G=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. Fakat paletini =E7ekip kontaklar=FDn=FD = kapatamaz. B=F6ylece g=FC=E7=20 devresinde do=F0acak bir k=FDsa devre =F6nlenmi=FE olur. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorun d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FC = de=F0i=FEtirmek i=E7in ilk =F6nce durdurma=20 butonuna, sonra da geri butonuna basmak gerekir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.2.1.2  Kal=FDc=FD Paket =DEalterle = D=F6n=FC=FE Y=F6n=FCn=FCn=20 De=F0i=FEtirilmesi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde kal=FDc=FD paket =FEalterle = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FCn=20 de=F0i=FEtirilmesine ait bir ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu = devrede kullan=FDlan=20 paket =FEalter, =FC=E7 kontakl=FD ve ileri, normal, geri olmak =FCzere = =FC=E7=20 konumludur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_129=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 131.25pt; HEIGHT: 139.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1085" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image109.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D175 height=3D186 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image109.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_129"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_130=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 78.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1084" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D105 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image089.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_130"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.7 Kal=FDc=FD paket =FEalterle = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FC de=F0i=FEtiren=20 g=FC=E7 ve kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin normal konumunda DG = d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim r=F6lesi=20 s=FCrekli olarak =E7al=FD=FE=FDr ve DG konta=F0=FD kapal=FD kal=FDr. = =DEalter kolu ileri konumuna=20 =E7evrildi=F0inde, DG konta=F0=FDndan ve kapanan =FEalter = konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7en ak=FDm, I=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 devresinde I kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDr. Motor ileri=20 y=F6nde d=F6ner. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorun geri y=F6nde d=F6nmesi istendi=F0inde, = =FEalter kolu geri=20 konumuna =E7evrilir. Bu durumda DG konta=F0=FD ve kapanan =FEalter = konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7en=20 ak=FDm, G kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 devresinde G = kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Motor=20 geri y=F6nde d=F6ner. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_131=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1083" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image110.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D253 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image110.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_131"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.8 Paket =FEalterle ba=F0lant=FD=20 diyagram=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin kontaklar=FD ayn=FD anda = kapal=FD kalamazlar. Bu=20 nedenle =FEekildeki devrede mekanik kilitlemeye gerek olmad=FD=F0=FD = d=FC=FE=FCn=FClebilir.=20 Halbuki bobin ak=FDm=FD kesilen bir kontakt=F6r=FCn kontaklar=FD, = yap=FD=FEma ve s=FDk=FD=FEma=20 nedeniyle a=E7=FDlmayabilir. Bu durumda di=F0er kontakt=F6r=FCn = kontaklar=FD kapan=FDrsa, g=FC=E7=20 devresinde bir k=FDsa devre meydana gelir. =DEekilde kontakt=F6rler = aras=FDndaki mekanik=20 kilitleme, bu kontakt=F6rlere ait kontaklar=FDn ayn=FD anda beraberce = kapal=FD kalmas=FDna=20 engel olur. Dolay=FDs=FDyla g=FC=E7 devresinde do=F0abilecek bir k=FDsa = devre =F6nlenir.=20 =DEekilde kullan=FDlan DG d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim r=F6lesi, d=FC=FE=FCk = gerilime kar=FE=FD koruma yapar.=20 Yani motor bir y=F6nde =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken, =FEebeke gerilimi kesilir ve = tekrar gelirse,=20 motorun =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDna engel olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.3   BUTONLA = K=DDL=DDTLEME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DDki yollu butonlar aras=FDnda yap=FDlan = alttaki =FEekilde=20 g=F6r=FClen ba=F0lant=FDya, buton kilitleme denir. B=F6yle bir devrede = ileri d=F6n=FC=FE=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn ak=FDm=FD geri butonunun =FCst kontaklar=FDndan, = geri d=F6n=FC=FE kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn=20 ak=FDm=FD da ileri butonunun =FCst kontaklar=FDndan devresini tamamlar. = Buton=20 kilitlemeli bir ba=F0lant=FDda, durdurma butonuna basmadan motorun = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC=20 de=F0i=FEtirilebilir. Yaln=FDz bu durumda motorun d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FC = ani olarak de=F0i=FEir. Ani=20 olarak d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCn=FCn de=F0i=FEtirilmesi, g=FC=E7 yol alan = motorlara uygulanmaz. Aksi=20 takdirde motor =FEebekeden =E7ok b=FCy=FCk ak=FDm =E7eker. Alttaki iki = devre birbiri ile=20 e=FEde=F0erdir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_132=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1082" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_132"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">   <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_133=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 158.25pt; HEIGHT: 149.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1081" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image111.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D211 height=3D199 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image111.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_133"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.9 Butonla kilitleme yapan g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekildeki devrede ileri butonuna = bas=FDl=FDnca, R faz=FDndan=20 gelen ak=FDm, durdurma butonundan, geri butonunun =FCst kontaklar=FDndan = ve ileri=20 butonunun alt kontaklar=FDndan ge=E7erek I kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC = enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7=20 devresinde I kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor ileri y=F6nde d=F6ner. = Kumanda devresinde=20 kapanan I konta=F0=FD, ileri butonunu m=FCh=FCrler ve I = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn s=FCrekli=20 =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. Motorun ileri y=F6ndeki d=F6n=FC=FE=FC, = durdurma veya geri butonuna=20 bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar devam eder. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Geri butonuna bas=FDl=FDnca, ilk =F6nce I = kontakt=F6r bobininin=20 ak=FDm=FD kesilir ve I kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. Sonra durdurma = butonundan, ileri butonunun=20 =FCst kontaklar=FDndan ve geri butonunun alt kontaklar=FDndan ge=E7en = ak=FDm, G=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 devresinde G kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDr ve motor geri=20 y=F6nde d=F6ner. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kumanda devresinde kapanan G konta=F0=FD, geri = butonunu=20 m=FCh=FCrler. B=F6ylece G kontakt=F6r=FC s=FCrekli olarak = =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. G kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn=20 =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, ileri veya durdurma butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar = devam eder. Bu nedenle=20 buton kilitlemeli devrelerde, kontakt=F6rler beraber =E7al=FD=FEmazlar = ve k=FDsa devre=20 meydana getirmezler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.4   ELEKTR=DDKSEL = K=DDL=DDTLEME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.9=92da g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi bir = kontakt=F6r=FCn normalde=20 kapal=FD konta=F0=FDn=FD di=F0er kontakt=F6r=FCn bobinine seri olarak = ba=F0lamaya, elektriksel=20 kilitleme denir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Elektriksel kilitleme yap=FDlm=FD=FE olan bir = devrede bir=20 kontakt=F6r =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken, onun kapal=FD konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDk = olaca=F0=FDndan, di=F0er kontakt=F6r=FCn=20 =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD m=FCmk=FCn olmaz. B=F6ylece g=FC=E7 devresinde bir = k=FDsa devre meydana=20 gelmez.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.4.1  =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.4.1.1  Elektriksel Kilitlemeli=20 Devre</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=D6rnekte, elektriksel kilitlemeli bir devre = verilmi=FEtir.=20 Devrede ileri butonuna bas=FDl=FDrsa, I kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. = G=FC=E7 devresinde I=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor ileri y=F6nde d=F6ner. Kumanda = devresinde kapanan I=20 konta=F0=FD, s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD i=E7in ileri butonunu = m=FCh=FCrler. Animasyonda g=F6r=FClece=F0i=20 gibi ileri butonu b=FDrak=FDld=FDktan sonra da motorun enerjilenmesi=20 s=FCrmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor ileri y=F6nde d=F6nerken geri butonuna = bas=FDl=FDrsa,=20 normalde kapal=FD I konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDlm=FD=FE oldu=F0undan, G = kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenmez. =DDleri=20 y=F6nde d=F6nerken motor geri y=F6nde =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmak istenirse, = ilk =F6nce durdurma=20 butonuna bas=FDl=FDr. Sonra geri butonuna bas=FDp G kontakt=F6r=FC = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDl=FDr ve motor=20 geri y=F6nde d=F6nd=FCr=FCl=FCr. Motor geri y=F6nde d=F6nerken, I = kontakt=F6r devresinde bulunan=20 normalde kapal=FD G konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. Bu durumda ileri butonuna = bas=FDlsa da, I=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenmez. Bu a=E7=FDklamadan anla=FE=FDlaca=F0=FD = =FCzere, elektriksel=20 kilitlemeli devrelerde bir kontakt=F6r =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken ayn=FD anda = di=F0er kontakt=F6r=20 =E7al=FD=FEamaz.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_134=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1080" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_134"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_135=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 158.25pt; HEIGHT: 102pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1079" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image112.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D211 height=3D136 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image112.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_135"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.10 Elektriksel kilitleme yapan = g=FC=E7 ve kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3.4.1.2  Kal=FDc=FD Paket =DEalterle = Haz=FDrlanm=FD=FE=20 Devre</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kal=FDc=FD paket =FEalterle yap=FDlan bir = ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD=20 verilmi=FEtir. Paket =FEalter =FC=E7 kontakl=FD ve ileri, normal, geri = olmak =FCzere =FC=E7=20 konumludur. Paket =FEalterin kolu ileri konumuna =E7evrildi=F0inde, I = kontakt=F6r=FC=20 =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. G=FC=E7 devresinde I kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor = ileri y=F6nde d=F6ner. Kumanda=20 devresinde a=E7=FDlan I konta=F0=FD, her iki kontakt=F6r=FCn ayn=FD anda = =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDna engel=20 olur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_136=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 102.75pt; HEIGHT: 139.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1078" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image113.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D137 height=3D186 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image113.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_136"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_137=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1077" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image114.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image114.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_137"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.11 Kal=FDc=FD paket =FEalterle = haz=FDrlanm=FD=FE g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Paket =FEalterin kolu geri konumuna = =E7evrildi=F0inde, G=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. G=FC=E7 devresinde G kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr = ve motor geri y=F6nde=20 d=F6ner. Kumanda devresinde a=E7=FDlan G konta=F0=FD, I = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn G kontakt=F6r=FCyle=20 beraber =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDna engel olur. =DEekilde verilen paket = =FEalterin her iki konta=F0=FD=20 ayn=FD anda beraberce kapanamaz. Bu nedenle =FEekildeki devrede = elektriksel=20 kilitlemeye gerek olmad=FD=F0=FD = d=FC=FE=FCn=FClebilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_138=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 198pt; HEIGHT: 96.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1076" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image115.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D264 height=3D129 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image115.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_138"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 3.12 Paket =FEalter ba=F0lant=FD=20 diyagram=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Halbuki bobin ak=FDm=FD kesildi=F0i halde, bir = kontakt=F6r=FCn=20 paleti ve kontaklar=FD yap=FD=FEma ve s=FDk=FD=FEma nedeniyle = a=E7=FDlmayabilir. Bu durumda=20 di=F0er kontakt=F6r enerjilenirse, g=FC=E7 devresinde bir k=FDsa devre = meydana gelir.=20 Elektriksel kilitleme, bu gibi hallerde meydana gelebilecek bir k=FDsa = devreye=20 engel olur. =DEekildeki kumanda devresi d=FC=FE=FCk gerilime kar=FE=FD = koruma yapamaz. Motor=20 bir y=F6nde =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken =FEebeke gerilimi kesilir ve tekrar = gelirse, motor ayn=FD y=F6nde=20 =E7al=FD=FEmaya devam eder.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">B=D6L=DCM 4 </SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">YOL VERME Y=D6NTEMLER=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.1   GENEL = B=DDLG=DDLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">3 fazl=FD asenkron motorlar ilk kalk=FD=FE = an=FDnda nominal=20 ak=FDmlar=FDn=FDn 6-7 kat=FD fazla ak=FDm =E7ekerler. A=FE=FDr=FD yol = alma ak=FDm=FD =FEebekede, devrede=20 ve motorda bir=E7ok sak=FDnca yarat=FDr. =C7ok fazla derecedeki bu = elektriksel y=FCklenme=20 enerjiyi satan kesim taraf=FDndan istenmeyen bir durumdur. Yol alma = ak=FDm=FDn=FDn=20 g=FCvenli s=FDn=FDrlar i=E7inde kalmas=FD, motora d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle = yol vermeyle sa=F0lan=FDr.=20 Bu =FEekilde yumu=FEak bir kalk=FD=FE=FD sa=F0lamak amac=FDyla yol verme = i=FElemleri uygulan=FDr.=20 T=FCrkiye'de 4-5 kW'tan sonraki g=FC=E7lerde bulunan motorlara yol = vermek zorunludur.=20 D=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle ba=FElatma, yaln=FDz bo=FEta =E7al=FD=FEan = motorlara uygulan=FDr. <BR>Y=FCkl=FC=20 =E7al=FD=FEan bir motora d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim uygulan=FDrsa, belirli bir = y=FCk=FC veya g=FCc=FC=20 kar=FE=FDlamak zorunlulu=F0unda olan motor, =FEebekeden normalin = =FCzerinde ak=FDm =E7eker.=20 D=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle ba=FElatman=FDn amac=FD, yol almada motorun az = ak=FDm =E7ekmesini sa=F0lamak=20 oldu=F0undan, y=FCkl=FC =E7al=FD=FEan motorlara d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle = yol verilmez. D=FC=FE=FCk=20 gerilimle ba=FElatman=FDn =FC=E7 ayr=FD =FEekli vard=FDr. Bu yol verme = y=F6ntemleri=20 =FEunlard=FDr;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Diren=E7 = veya=20 reakt=F6rle yol verme (bir arac=FD eleman gerektirir) = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Oto=20 transformat=F6r=FCyle yol verme (bir arac=FD eleman gerektirir) = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">Y=FDld=FDz-=FC=E7gen=20 =FEalterle yol verme (arac=FD elemana gerek yoktur) = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Rotoru = sarg=FDl=FD 3=20 fazl=FD asenkron motora yol verme <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">Yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FDl=FD 1=20 fazl=FD asenkron motora yol verme <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DE=F6nt = motorlara yol=20 verme <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bilezikli asenkron motorlara, senkron motorlara = ve=20 yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FDl=FD asenkron motorlara yol verme, d=FC=FE=FCk = gerilimle ba=FElatma ilkesine=20 dayanmaz.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2   D=DDREN=C7 VEYA REAKTANSLA YOL=20 VERME</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlar=FD d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle ba=FElatmada = en =E7ok kullan=FDlan=20 y=F6ntem, diren=E7le veya reaktansla yol vermedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_139=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 147pt; HEIGHT: 96.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1075" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image116.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D196 height=3D129 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image116.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_139"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.1 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Diren=E7le veya reaktansla yol verme birbirine = =E7ok benzer=20 ve temel ilke, =FEebeke geriliminin bir k=FDsm=FDn=FD yol verme = direncinde veya=20 reakt=F6r=FCnde d=FC=FE=FCrmek ve geriye kalan=FDn=FD motora = uygulamakt=FDr. Diren=E7 ve=20 reaktansla yol vermede g=FC=E7 devresi ayn=FDd=FDr. =DEekil 4.1=92de = g=FC=E7 devresi=20 g=F6r=FClmektedir. A=FEa=F0=FDdaki k=FDs=FDmlarda ise do=F0ru veya = alternatif ak=FDm motorlar=FDna=20 diren=E7le veya reaktansla yol vermeye ait =E7e=FEitli =F6rnekler = incelenecektir:<B>=20 </B><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.1  Diren=E7le Yol = Verme</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Statora seri olarak e=FEde=F0er diren=E7ler = ba=F0layarak yap=FDlan=20 yol verme i=FElemidir. Ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda stator = ve diren=E7ler=20 birbirine seri ba=F0l=FD olarak kalk=FDnmaya ba=FElar. Belli bir s=FCre = sonra (nominal=20 de=F0erinin %60-65'i) diren=E7ler devreden =E7=FDkar ve =E7al=FD=FEmaya = devam edilir. Yol=20 verme uygulanan motorun milinde y=FCk olmamal=FDd=FDr. Diren=E7lerin = devreden=20 =E7=FDkar=FDlmas=FDnda zaman r=F6leleri etkin rol = oynar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.1.1  Yol Verme Direncinin=20 Form=FClleri</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kalk=FD=FE esnas=FDnda =F6nem kazanan yol verme = direncinin=20 de=F0erini bulmak i=E7in belli matematiksel hesaplamalar vard=FDr. Bu = direncin hesab=FD=20 =FEu =FEekilde ger=E7ekle=FEtirilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_140=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1074" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image114.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image114.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_140"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.2 Diren=E7 =FCzerine d=FC=FEen=20 gerilimler<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Um, motorun bir faz sarg=FD u=E7lar=FDnda = kalk=FD=FE an=FDndaki=20 gerilimdir. Urm, motorun i=E7 direnci Rm =FCzerindeki gerilimdir. Uxm, = motorun=20 bobini Xm =FCzerindeki gerilimdir. Iy ise yol alma ak=FDm=FD (bizim = taraf=FDm=FDzdan=20 belirlenir).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ry =3D Ury / Iy     <BR>Um = =3D Uf .=20 ka    <BR>ka =3D Iry / Idy     <BR>Urm =3D = Um . Cos(x)=20     <BR>Uxm =3D Um . Sin(x)    = <BR>Uf<SUP>2</SUP> =3D=20 (Ury + Urm)<SUP>2</SUP> + Uxm<SUP>2</SUP> <BR>Ury =3D (Uf<SUP>2</SUP> -=20 Uxm<SUP>2</SUP>)<SUP>0.5</SUP> - Urm  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">ka, yol alma ak=FDm=FDn=FD d=FC=FE=FCrme = katsay=FDs=FDd=FDr. Iry, diren=E7le=20 yol almadaki ak=FDmd=FDr. Idy ise direkt yol almadaki = ak=FDmd=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.1.2  =D6rnek Yol Verme Direnci=20 Hesab=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Etiketinde 380V, 20A yaz=FDl=FD 3 fazl=FD bir = asenkron motor=20 do=F0rudan yol ald=FD=F0=FDnda nominal ak=FDm=FDn=FDn 5 kat=FD ak=FDm = =E7ekmektedir. Bu ak=FDm=20 de=F0erini nominal ak=FDm=FDn 3 kat=FDna d=FC=FE=FCrecek yol verme = direncinin de=F0erini=20 bulunuz. Cos(x)=3D0,2 ve Sin(x)=3D0,97 olarak = al=FDnacakt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_141=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 174pt; HEIGHT: 164.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1073" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image117.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D232 height=3D219 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image117.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_141"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.3 =DC=E7gen ba=F0lant=FDl=FD = devre<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Idy =3D 5 In   ve   Iry =3D = <st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on" ProductID=3D"3 In">3 = In</st1:metricconverter><BR>Ry=20 =3D Ury / Iry   ise burada, Iy =3D <st1:metricconverter = w:st=3D"on"=20 ProductID=3D"3 In">3 In</st1:metricconverter> =3D 3x20 =3D 60A =  yakla=FE=FDm=FD do=F0ru=20 de=F0ildir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">If =3D 20 / 3<SUP>0.5</SUP><BR>Iy =3D 20x3 / = 3<SUP>0.5</SUP>=3D=20 20 3<SUP>0.5</SUP> =3D 34,6A olmal=FDd=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Uf =3D 380V<BR>ka =3D 3 Iy / 5 Iy =3D 3 /=20 5<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Um =3D Uf . ka =3D (3 / 5) . 380 =3D = 228V<BR>Urm =3D Um . Cos(x)=20 =3D 228 x 0,2 =3D 45,6V<BR>Uxm =3D 228 x 0,97 =3D 221,16V<BR>Ury =3D = (Uf<SUP>2</SUP> -=20 Uxm<SUP>2</SUP>)<SUP>0.5</SUP> - Urm =3D 263,4V <BR>Ry =3D 263,4 / 34,6 = =3D 7,6=20 ohm<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.1.3  =D6rnek Tek Kademeli Yol Verme=20 Devresi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.4=92te tek kademeli diren=E7le yol = verme i=FElemini=20 ger=E7ekle=FEtiren devre g=F6r=FClmektedir. Burada M kontakt=F6r=FC, = yukar=FDdaki g=FC=E7=20 devresinde de g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi diren=E7li yol vermeyi, A ise tam = kalk=FDnm=FD=FE halde=20 direncin devreden =E7=FDkt=FD=F0=FD hali temsil = etmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_142=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 117.75pt; HEIGHT: 189pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1072" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image118.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D157 height=3D252 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image118.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_142"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_143=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 197.25pt; HEIGHT: 227.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1071" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image119.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D263 height=3D303 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image119.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_143"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.4 Diren=E7le tek kademeli yol = vermenin g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda devre = enerjilenecek ve=20 enerji geldikten sonra m=FCh=FCrlemeyi sa=F0layan M konta=F0=FD = kapanarak devrenin bu yol=20 =FCzerinden enerji ge=E7irmesini sa=F0layacakt=FDr. Eneri, normalde = kapal=FD, gecikmeli=20 a=E7=FDlan zaman r=F6lesi =FCzerinden devresini tamamlar. Bu esnada alt = k=FDs=FDmdaki zaman=20 r=F6lesi de enerjilendi=F0inden belirli bir s=FCre saymaya = ba=FElayacakt=FDr. 5 sn s=FCreyle=20 sayd=FD=F0=FD varsay=FDl=FDrsa enerjilenmeden 5 sn sonra M = kontakt=F6r=FCne ait konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDp=20 diren=E7leri devreden =E7=FDkar=FDrken, zaman r=F6lesinin gecikmeli = kapanan konta=F0=FD da=20 kapanarak A =FCzerinden motorun tam kalk=FDnm=FD=FE halde = =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD sa=F0lan=FDr. Devre,=20 durdurma butonuna bas=FDlana kadar = =E7al=FD=FEacakt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.1.4  =D6rnek =C7ift Kademeli Yol Verme = Devresi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.5=92te =FC=E7 fazl=FD asenkron motora = iki kademe diren=E7le=20 yol vermeye ait ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu ba=F0lant=FDda = Ba=FElatma butonuna=20 bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (M) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. (M) konta=F0=FD = kapan=FDr ve Ba=FElatma butonu=20 m=FCh=FCrlenir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 devresinde (M) kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDnca, motor iki kademe=20 diren=E7 =FCzerinden =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Diren=E7lerdeki gerilim = d=FC=FE=FCm=FC nedeniyle,=20 motor d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle yol almaya ba=FElar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_144=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 198pt; HEIGHT: 96.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1070" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image120.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D264 height=3D129 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image120.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_144"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"> <SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape = id=3DResim_x0020_145=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 151.5pt; HEIGHT: 193.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1069" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image121.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D202 height=3D258 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image121.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_145"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.5 Diren=E7le =E7ift kademeli yol = vermenin g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (M) = kontakt=F6r=FCyle=20 birlikte (ZR1) zaman r=F6lesi de enerjilenir.Bu r=F6le bir s=FCre sonra = (ZR1-GK)=20 konta=F0=FDn=FD kapat=FDr ve (A) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. = G=FC=E7 devresinde (A)=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDnca, diren=E7lerin birinci kademesi devreden = =E7=FDkar. Motor=20 u=E7lar=FDndaki gerilim artar. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor yol almaya devam eder. Kumanda devresinde = kapanan=20 (A) konta=F0=FD (ZR2) zaman r=F6lesini enerjilendirir. Bu r=F6le bir = s=FCre sonra (ZR2-GK)=20 konta=F0=FDn=FD kapat=FDr ve (B) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC = enerjilendirir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 devresinde (B) kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. = B=F6ylece=20 diren=E7lerin ikinci kademesi de devreden =E7=FDkar. (B) kontakt=F6r=FC = enerjilenince,=20 normalde kapal=FD (B) konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. (ZR1) zaman r=F6lesi = dolay=FDs=FDyla (A)=20 kontakt=F6r=FC ve (ZR2) zaman r=F6lesi devreden =E7=FDkar. (ZR2) = konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FD halde,=20 (B) kontakt=F6r=FC kendi konta=F0=FD =FCzerinden gelen ak=FDmla = =E7al=FD=FEmaya devem eder.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekildeki devrede g=F6revini tamamlayan (A) = kontakt=F6r=FC=20 devreden =E7=FDkart=FDld=FD=F0=FDndan, (B) kontakt=F6r=FC yol verme = diren=E7lerinin hepsini k=FDsa=20 devre eder. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Yol verme diren=E7leri devreden =E7=FDk=FDnca, = motor normal=20 =FEebeke gerilimine ba=F0lan=FDr. Motorun normal gerilimde = =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, durdurma=20 butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar devam eder.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.2  Reaktansla Yol = Verme</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Diren=E7le yol verme y=F6nteminin hemen hemen = ayn=FDs=FDd=FDr.=20 Sadece diren=E7 yerine burada reaktans kullan=FDl=FDr. Reaktans, bir = n=FCve =FCzerine=20 sar=FDlm=FD=FE sarg=FDs=FD olan, manyetik alanl=FD diren=E7lerdir. = Devresinin =E7al=FD=FEma mant=FD=F0=FD=20 ayn=FD diren=E7le yol vermede oldu=F0u gibi belirli s=FCre reaktans = =FCzerinden motorun=20 a=FE=FDr=FD ak=FDm =E7ekmesi engellenir ve daha sonra reaktanslar = devreden =E7=FDkar=FDl=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_146=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 134.25pt; HEIGHT: 91.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1068" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image122.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D179 height=3D122 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image122.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_146"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.6 Reaktans =FCzerine d=FC=FEen=20 gerilimler<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Xy =3D Uxy / Iy     <BR>Uxy = =3D=20 (Uf<SUP>2</SUP> - Urm<SUP>2</SUP>)<SUP>0.5</SUP> - Uxm   = <BR>Um =3D Uf .=20 ka    <BR>Urm =3D Um . Cos(x)    <BR>Uxm = =3D Um .=20 Sin(x)    <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu yol verme y=F6ntemi b=FCy=FCk g=FC=E7l=FC ve = y=FCksek gerilimli=20 motorlarda tercih edilir. Standart reaktans de=F0erleri %50, %65 ve %80 = gerilimler=20 uygulanacak =FEekilde imal edilirler. B=FCy=FCk g=FC=E7lerle = =E7al=FD=FEan motorlarda kayb=FD=20 =F6nlemek i=E7in tercih edilirler. Burada yol verme esnas=FDnda = kullan=FDlacak reaktans=20 de=F0erinin =F6l=E7=FCm=FC =FEu =FEekilde = ger=E7ekle=FEtirilir;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.2.2.1  Reaktans De=F0eri = Hesaplamas=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Yukar=FDdaki =F6rnekte yer alan motora = reaktansla yol verme=20 durumunda gerekli reaktans de=F0erini = hesaplayal=FDm;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Iy =3D 34,6A  Uf =3D 380V  Urm =3D = 45,6V  Uxm =3D=20 221,16V <BR>Uxy =3D (Uf<SUP>2</SUP> - Urm<SUP>2</SUP>)<SUP>0.5</SUP> - = Uxm =3D=20 156,09V  <BR>Xy =3D 156,09 / 34,6 =3D 4,5 ohm = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.3   OTO TRAFOSUYLA YOL = VERME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorlar=FDn d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle = ba=FElat=FDlmas=FDnda gerekli olan=20 d=FC=FE=FCk gerilim, bir oto transformat=F6r=FCnden de sa=F0lanabilir. = Kumanda devrelerinde=20 bir, iki veya daha =E7ok kademeli oto transformat=F6rleri = kullan=FDl=FDr. <BR>Oto=20 transformat=F6rlerinin sarg=FDlar=FD d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimin al=FDnmas=FD = i=E7in kullan=FDld=FD=F0=FD gibi,=20 yol vermede reakt=F6r gibi de kullan=FDlabilirler. Oto = transformat=F6r=FCyle yap=FDlan yol=20 verme devreleri daha pahal=FDya mal oldu=F0u halde, daha rand=FDmanl=FD = =E7al=FD=FE=FDrlar. Oto=20 trafolar=FD primer ve sekonderi ayn=FD sarg=FD olan (tek sarg=FDl=FD) = transformat=F6rlerdir.=20 =DEekil 4.7=92de g=FC=E7 devresinin nas=FDl oldu=F0u = g=F6r=FClmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_147=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 151.5pt; HEIGHT: 193.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1067" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image121.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D202 height=3D258 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image121.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_147"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.7 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken husus = "Yal=FDt=FDm"=20 trafosuyla, "Yal=FDt=FDml=FD" trafonun farkl=FD =FEeyler olmas=FDd=FDr. = Yal=FDt=FDm trafosunda=20 primerin sekondere oran=FD olan a katsay=FDs=FD 1'dir. Yal=FDt=FDml=FD = trafo ise=20 primer-sekonder aras=FDnda fiziksel ba=F0lant=FD olmayan trafo=20 demektir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Temel prensip motor sarg=FDs=FDna uygulanan = gerilimin=20 azalt=FDlmas=FD yoluyla motorun =E7ekti=F0i yol alma ak=FDm=FDn=FDn=20 azalt=FDlmas=FDd=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_148=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 206.25pt; HEIGHT: 225pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1066" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image123.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D275 height=3D300 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image123.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_148"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.8 Oto trafosunun devrede=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ih : Hattan =E7ekilen ak=FDm<BR>Im : Motorun = =E7ekti=F0i=20 ak=FDm<BR>Zm : Motorun sarg=FDs=FD<BR>Itip : Tip g=FCc=FC = ak=FDm=FD<BR>Im =3D Ih +=20 Itip    <BR>a =3D U1 / U2 =3D Im / Ih  =20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor sarg=FDs=FDna do=F0rudan U1 =FEebeke = gerilimi uygulan=FDrsa=20 motor =FEebekeden, nominal ak=FDm=FDn kd kat=FD kadar (Im=3DIn.kd) = ak=FDm =E7ekecektir. Motor=20 sarg=FDs=FDna U2 gerilimi uygulan=FDnca motorun =E7ekece=F0i ak=FDm, = gerilimdeki azalma=20 oran=FDnda olacakt=FDr ve Im =3D (U2 / U1).In.kd (Denklem 4.12) = =FEeklinde bir=20 hesaplamayla bulunur.<BR>Hattan =E7ekilen ak=FDm Ih =3D Im / a =3D (1 / = a) . (U2 / U1) .=20 In . kd  e=FEitli=F0inden de =FEu sonuca = var=FDl=FDr;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ih =3D ( 1 / a<SUP>2</SUP> ). In .kd =3D Ih =3D = (U2 /=20 U1)<st1:metricconverter w:st=3D"on" ProductID=3D"2. In"><SUP>2</SUP>.=20 In</st1:metricconverter> . kd  <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.3.1  =D6rnekler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.3.1.1  Oto Trafosuyla =C7ok Kademeli Yol = Verme=20 Devresi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Nominal ak=FDm=FD 10A olan bir asenkron motor, = =FEebekeye=20 do=F0rudan ba=F0land=FD=F0=FDnda 50A ak=FDm =E7ekmektedir. Bu motora %50 = ve %65=20 kademelerindeki oto trafosuyla yol verildi=F0inde =FEebekeden = =E7ekilecek ak=FDm=FD ve=20 motor ak=FDm=FDn=FD bulal=FDm.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Im =3D In . kd  50 =3D 10 . kd =   kd =3D=20 5<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">%50 i=E7in;<BR>Im =3D (U2 / U1) . In . kd =3D = (50 / 100) . 10.=20 5 =3D 25A<BR>Ih =3D (U2 / U1)<SUP>2</SUP> . In . kd =3D 12,5A<BR>Itip = =3D Im - Ih =3D 25 -=20 12,5 =3D 12,5A<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">%65 i=E7in;<BR>Im =3D 0,65 . 10 . 5 =3D = 32,5A<BR>Ih =3D (U2 /=20 U1)<SUP>2</SUP> . In . kd =3D 21,125A<BR>Itip =3D 32,5 - 21,125 =3D=20 11,375A<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_149=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 117.75pt; HEIGHT: 189pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1065" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image124.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D157 height=3D252 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image124.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_149"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_150=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189pt; HEIGHT: 152.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1064" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image125.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D252 height=3D203 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image125.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_150"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.9 Oto trafosuyla =E7ok kademeli yol = veren g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.9=92da soruda istenen = =E7al=FD=FEmay=FD ger=E7ekle=FEtiren=20 devre g=F6r=FClmektedir. Ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda A = kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir ve=20 A konta=F0=FD m=FCh=FCrleme yapar. B=F6ylece reaktans =FCzerinden enerji = ge=E7i=FEi ba=FElar.=20 ZR1'in gecikmeli a=E7=FDlan konta=F0=FD =FCzerinden B de enerjilendi=F0i = i=E7in en fazla %50=20 kapasiteye ula=FE=FDlmas=FDna izin vard=FDr. Bu esnada ZR1 zaman = r=F6lesi aktif hale gelir=20 ve saymaya ba=FElar. <BR>Belirli bir s=FCre sonra (=F6rne=F0in 3sn = olsun) ZR1'in=20 gecikmeli a=E7=FDlan konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDlarak B kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn = enerjisi kesilir, ayn=FD anda=20 ZR1'in gecikmeli kapanan konta=F0=FD da kapanarak C'ye ve ZR2'ye enerji = gitmesi=20 sa=F0lan=FDr. B=F6ylece %65 kapasiteye ula=FEmaya imkan tan=FDn=FDr. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">ZR2 r=F6lesi saymay=FD bitirdi=F0inde (o da 3sn = olsun) ZR2=20 konta=F0=FD kapanarak D kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjiler ve devrenin en = =FCst=FCndeki D konta=F0=FD=20 a=E7=FDlarak A,B ve C =FCzerine enerji gidi=FEi kesilir. Alt kesimdeki D = konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr=20 ve devre durdurma butonuyla durdurulana kadar bu kontak =FCzerinden = ge=E7erek=20 =E7al=FD=FEmay=FD tam kapasiteyle s=FCrd=FCr=FCr. G=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC = gibi a=FEama a=FEama oto trafosu=20 devreden =E7=FDkar=FDl=FDr ve tam kapasite =E7al=FD=FEmaya do=F0ru = ge=E7i=FE=20 yap=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.3.1.2  Oto Trafosuyla Tek Kademeli Yol = Verme=20 Devresi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.10=92da =FC=E7 fazl=FD bir asenkron = motora bir kademeli=20 oto tranformat=F6r=FCyle yol vermede kullan=FDlan bir ba=F0lant=FD = =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir.=20 B=F6yle bir oto tranformat=F6r=FCyle motora yol verirken, g=FC=E7 = devresinde ilk =F6nce (S)=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Kapanan (S) kontaklar=FD =FC=E7 fazl=FD oto = transformat=F6r=FCn=FC y=FDld=FDz=20 olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0lar. Transformat=F6r=FCn %65 lik gerilimli orta = u=E7lar=FDna ba=F0l=FD=20 olan motor, d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle yol almaya ba=FElar. Bir s=FCre sonra = (S) kontaklar=FD=20 a=E7=FDl=FDr ve oto tranformat=F6r=FC =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDr. Sonra (M) = kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr.=20 Motor normal =FEebeke gerilimine ba=F0lan=FDr. Bu devrede ilk =F6nce (S) = kontaklar=FDn=FDn=20 a=E7=FDlmas=FD, sonra (M) kontaklar=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FD gerekir. Aksi = halde oto=20 transformat=F6r=FCn=FCn =FCst yar=FD sarg=FDlar=FD k=FDsa devre olur.Bu = sarg=FDlardan ge=E7en y=FCksek=20 de=F0erli ak=FDmlar, transformat=F6r=FCn yanmas=FDna neden = olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_151=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 88.5pt; HEIGHT: 132pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1063" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image126.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D118 height=3D176 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image126.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_151"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"> <SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape = id=3DResim_x0020_152=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 198.75pt; HEIGHT: 210.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1062" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image127.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D265 height=3D281 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image127.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_152"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.10 Oto trafosuyla tek kademeli yol = veren g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde verilen devrede ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda,=20 (ZR) zaman r=F6lesi enerjilenir. Ani =E7al=FD=FEan (ZR) konta=F0=FD = ba=FElatma butonunu=20 m=FCh=FCrler ve s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FEmay=FD sa=F0lar. (ZR) zaman = r=F6lesiyle birlikte (S)=20 kontakt=F6r=FC de enerjilenir. G=FC=E7 devresinde (S) kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDr ve motor d=FC=FE=FCk=20 gerilimle yol almaya ba=FElar. Bir s=FCre sonra (ZR) zaman r=F6lesinin = kapal=FD konta=F0=FD=20 a=E7=FDl=FDr ve a=E7=FDk konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr. B=F6ylece (S) = kontakt=F6r=FC devreden =E7=FDkar, (M)=20 kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. G=FC=E7 devresinde (S) kontaklar=FD = a=E7=FDl=FDr. Oto transformat=F6r=FC=20 devreden ayr=FDl=FDr. (M) kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr ve motor normal = =FEebeke gerilimine=20 ba=F0lan=FDr.Motorunu normal gerilimde =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD durdurma = butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar=20 devam eder. (S) ve (M) kontakt=F6rlerinin ayn=FD anda beraberce = =E7al=FD=FEmalar=FD, bu iki=20 kontakt=F6r aras=FDnda yap=FDlan elektriksel kilitleme ile=20 =F6nlenir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.4   YILDIZ-=DC=C7GEN =DEALTERLE YOL = VERME</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir =FEebekede =FC=E7gen ba=F0l=FD olarak = =E7al=FD=FEacak =FC=E7 fazl=FD bir=20 asenkron motor, yol vermede y=FDld=FDz ba=F0lan=FDrsa, faz bobinleri = 1,73 kat daha az=20 bire gerilimle =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. Motorun yol alma ak=FDm=FD yakla=FE=FDk = olarak =FC=E7 kat azal=FDr.=20 Y=FDld=FDz ba=F0l=FD olan motor d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle yol almaya = ba=FElar. Yol alman=FDn uygun bir=20 an=FDnda, ilk =F6nce motorun faz sarg=FDlar=FD aras=FDndaki y=FDld=FDz = ba=F0lant=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. Sonra=20 motor faz sarg=FDlar=FD =FC=E7gen olarak ba=F0lan=FDr. B=F6ylece motor = normal geriliminde=20 =E7al=FD=FEmaya devam eder.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu yol verme y=F6nteminde di=F0er yol verme = y=F6ntemlerinde=20 oldu=F0u gibi arac=FD bir eleman (diren=E7 veya reaktans gibi) = kullan=FDlmaz. Sadece=20 motorun ba=F0lant=FD =FEekli de=F0i=FEtirilerek = ger=E7ekle=FEtirilebilir. <BR>Ama=E7, motorun=20 sarg=FDlar=FDna uygulanan gerilimi azaltmak suretiyle motorun = =E7ekti=F0i kalk=FD=FE ak=FDm=FDn=FD=20 azaltmakt=FDr. Motor ba=FElang=FD=E7ta y=FDld=FDz ba=F0lan=FDr, yol = alt=FDkdan sonra (devir say=FDs=FD=20 %60-%65'e ula=FEt=FD=F0=FDnda) =FC=E7gen ba=F0lant=FDya ge=E7ilir. = Pratik ve en ucuz bir yol verme=20 y=F6ntemidir. Ancak bu y=F6ntemin uygulanabilmesi i=E7in motorun = ba=F0lanaca=F0=FD kayna=F0a=20 y=FDld=FDz =E7al=FD=FEabilmesi =FEartt=FDr. Di=F0er bir ifade ile bu = y=F6ntemin uygulanaca=F0=FD=20 motorun =FC=E7gen geriliminin, ba=F0lanaca=F0=FD =FEebekenin fazlar = aras=FD gerilimine e=FEit=20 olmas=FD gerekmektedir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=FC=E7 a=E7=FDs=FDndan ise 4,5 - 5kW'dan daha = b=FCy=FCk motorlara=20 uygulanmal=FDd=FDr. Bu yol verme y=F6ntemini ger=E7ekle=FEtirmek i=E7in = =F6zel olarak bu i=FE=20 i=E7in haz=FDrlanm=FD=FE pako =FEalterler = bulunmaktad=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde =FC=E7 fazl=FD bir asenkron motora = otomatik y=FDld=FDz=20 =FC=E7gen =FEalterle yol vermede kullan=FDlan bir ba=F0lant=FD = =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu=20 devrede ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (M) ve (A) = kontakt=F6rleri enerjilenir.=20 G=FC=E7 devresinde (M) ve (A) kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Kapanan (A) = kontaklar=FD (X), (Y),=20 (Z) sarg=FD u=E7lar=FDn=FD k=FDsa devre ederler. (U), (V), (W) sarg=FD = u=E7lar=FD da kapanan (M)=20 kontaklar=FDn=FDn =FCzerinden (R), (S), (T) fazlar=FDna ba=F0lan=FDrlar. = B=F6ylece motor=20 y=FDld=FDz ba=F0l=FD olarak d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle yol almaya ba=FElar. = Kumanda devresinde=20 kapanan (M) konta=F0=FD ba=FElatma butonunu m=FCh=FCrler ve s=FCrekli = =E7al=FD=FEma sa=F0lar. (M) ve=20 (A) kontakt=F6rleriyle birlikte (ZR) zaman r=F6lesi de enerjilenir. Bir = s=FCre sonra=20 (ZR) kontaklar=FDn=FDn durumu de=F0i=FEir. (ZR-GA) konta=F0=FD = a=E7=FDl=FDr ve (A) kontakt=F6r=FC=20 devreden =E7=FDkar. (ZR-GK) konta=F0=FD kapanarak (B) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC = enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7=20 devresinde (X), (Y), (Z) sarg=FD u=E7lar=FDn=FD k=FDsa devre eden (A) = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn iki=20 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. Kapanan (B) kontaklar=FD (U) sarg=FD ucunu (Z) = sarg=FD ucuna, (V)=20 sarg=FD ucunu (X) sarg=FD ucuna, (W) sarg=FD ucunu (Y) sarg=FD ucuna = ba=F0lar. (M)=20 kontaklar=FD s=FCrekli olarak kapal=FD kald=FDklar=FDndan, (B) = kontaklar=FD kapan=FDnca faz=20 sarg=FDlar=FD normal =FEebeke gerilimine ba=F0lan=FDr. B=F6ylece motor = =FC=E7gen ba=F0l=FD olarak=20 normal =E7al=FD=FEmaya ba=FElar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_153=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 366pt; HEIGHT: 230.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1061" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image128.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D488 height=3D307 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image128.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_153"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"> <SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape = id=3DResim_x0020_154=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 246pt; HEIGHT: 231pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1060" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image129.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D328 height=3D308 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image129.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_154"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.11 Y=FDld=FDz-=DC=E7gen =FEalter = ba=F0lant=FDs=FD ve kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kumanda devresinde (B) kontakt=F6r=FC = enerjilenince, normalde=20 kapal=FD (B) konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. =C7al=FD=FEan (ZR) zaman r=F6lesi = devreden =E7=FDkar ve (ZR-GK)=20 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. (B) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn s=FCrekli = =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, kapanan (B) m=FCh=FCrleme=20 konta=F0=FDyla sa=F0lan=FDr. Normalde kapal=FD (B) ve (A) kontaklar=FD, = elektriksel=20 kilitleme yaparlar. Bu kontaklar (A) ve (B) kontakt=F6rlerinin beraber=20 =E7al=FD=FEmalar=FDna ve bir k=FDsa devrenin do=F0mas=FDna engel = olurlar. Durdurma butonuna=20 bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, =E7al=FD=FEan (M) ve (B) kontakt=F6rleri devreden = =E7=FDkar ve motor=20 durur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.4.1  Y=FDld=FDz-=DC=E7gen Yol Vermede = Ak=FDm, G=FC=E7 ve=20 Moment</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor y=FDld=FDz =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDl=FDrken = faz (motor) sarg=FDlar=FDna=20 uygulanan gerilim az olmakta, motorun =E7ekti=F0i ak=FDm da = azalmaktad=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Pratik olarak g=FC=E7, moment ve ak=FDmdaki = azazlma miktar=FD=20 3<SUP>0.5</SUP> kadard=FDr. =C7=FCnk=FC y=FDld=FDz =E7al=FD=FEmada = sarg=FDdan ge=E7en ak=FDm, =FC=E7gen=20 =E7al=FD=FEma ak=FDm=FDndan<!--[if gte vml 1]> <v:shape = id=3D_x0000_i1025=20 style=3D"WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 9.75pt" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" = coordsize =3D=20 "21600,21600" alt =3D ""></v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=3D21 height=3D13 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image130.gif" = v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1025"><![endif]>kat=20 daha k=FC=E7=FCkt=FCr. <BR>Ancak teorik hesaplamalarda ak=FDm, g=FC=E7 = ve momentteki azalman=FDn=20 daha fazla oldu=F0u g=F6r=FClmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_156=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 173.25pt; HEIGHT: 231pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1059" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image131.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D231 height=3D308 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image131.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_156"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.12 Ak=FDmlar=FDn = oran=FD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi =FC=E7gen = =E7al=FD=FEabilecek motor, y=FDld=FDz=20 =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, =E7ekece=F0i ak=FDm 1/3 oran=FDnda = azalmaktad=FDr. Dolay=FDs=FDyla g=FC=E7 ve=20 moment de 1/3 oran=FDnda azalacakt=FDr. Bu nedenle y=FDld=FDz-=FC=E7gen = yol vermede motorun=20 y=FDld=FDzda b=FDrak=FDlmamas=FD gerekmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.5   ROTORU SARGILI 3 FAZLI ASENKRON = MOTORA=20 YOL VERME</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Rotoru sarg=FDl=FD asenkron motor, =DEekil = 4.13=92te g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC=20 gibi rotorunda da 3 fazl=FD sarg=FDlar olan ve bu sarg=FDlar=FDn = u=E7lar=FD bilezik ve=20 f=FDr=E7alar yard=FDm=FDyla d=FD=FEar=FD al=FDnm=FD=FE motorlard=FDr. = Rotora yol verme k=FDsm=FD olmazsa=20 trafo mant=FD=F0=FDyla =E7al=FD=FE=FDr ve u=E7lardan sarg=FD miktar=FDna = g=F6re gerilim al=FDn=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu tip asenkron motorlar=FDn yol verme = i=FEleminde rotora=20 ba=F0lanan yol verme diren=E7leri kullan=FDl=FDr. Rotora diren=E7 = eklemek suretiyle ilk=20 kalk=FD=FE an=FDndaki ak=FDm azalt=FDlmakta, buna kar=FE=FDl=FDk = kalk=FD=FE momenti (kuvveti)=20 artt=FDr=FDlm=FD=FE olmaktad=FDr. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Piyasada =E7ok fazla kullan=FDlmazlar, = =E7=FCnk=FC maliyeti =E7ok=20 y=FCksektir. Y=FCk alt=FDnda da = =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlabilirler.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_157=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 150.75pt; HEIGHT: 190.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1058" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image132.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D201 height=3D254 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image132.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_157"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.13 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_158=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 177.75pt; HEIGHT: 137.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1057" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image133.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D237 height=3D183 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image133.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_158"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.14 =DC=E7 fazl=FD asenkron motora yol = veren kumanda=20 devresi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.6   YARDIMCI SARGILI 1 FAZLI = ASENKRON MOTORA=20 YOL VERME</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Asenkron motorlarda d=F6nme hareketini, d=F6ner = manyetik alan=20 sa=F0lar. D=F6ner manyetik alan=FD da stator sarg=FDlar=FD yarat=FDr. = D=F6ner alan yaln=FDz iki=20 ve =FC=E7 fazl=FD sistemlerde meydana gelir. Bir faza ba=F0l=FD bir = sarg=FD ile, motorda=20 d=F6ner alan yarat=FDlamaz. Yaln=FDz b=F6yle bir motora yol verilirse, = motordaki bir=20 sarg=FD d=F6n=FC=FE=FC devam ettirir. Bu sarg=FDya ana sarg=FD ad=FD = verilir.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir fazl=FD asenkron motorlarda ilk hareketi = sa=F0lamak i=E7in,=20 ana sarg=FDya g=F6re 90 derecelik a=E7=FDyla yerle=FEtirilmi=FE ikinci = bir sarg=FD daha=20 kullan=FDl=FDr. Motordaki ikinci sarg=FDya yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FD denir. = Bu sarg=FD, asenkron=20 motorun iki fazl=FD bir motor gibi =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. = Yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FDya seri=20 olarak bir kondansat=F6r ba=F0lan=FDr. Kondansat=F6r, ana ve = yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FD ak=FDmlar=FD=20 aras=FDnda 90 dereceye yak=FDn bir faz fark=FD yarat=FDr. Bir fazl=FD = asenkron motorlar=FDn=20 baz=FDlar=FDnda, yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FD devaml=FD olarak devreye ba=F0l=FD = kal=FDr. Baz=FDlar=FDnda ise=20 devrin %75 inde elle veya otomatik =E7al=FD=FEan bir elemanla devreden=20 =E7=FDkart=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde bir fazl=FD yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FDl=FD = asenkron motora yol=20 vermede kullan=FDlan bir ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu = devrede ba=FElatma butonuna=20 bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (ZR) zaman r=F6lesi ile (M) ve (A) kontakt=F6rleri = enerjilenir.=20 Kapanan (M) konta=F0=FD, ba=FElatma butonunu m=FCh=FCrler ve s=FCrekli = =E7al=FD=FEmay=FD sa=F0lar. G=FC=E7=20 devresinde (M) ve (A) kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. Ana ve yard=FDmc=FD = sarg=FD =FEebekeye=20 ba=F0lan=FDr. B=F6ylece asenkron motor yol almaya ba=FEalr. Devir = say=FDs=FD normal de=F0erine=20 yakla=FE=FDrken, (ZR) zaman r=F6lesi (ZR-GA) konta=F0=FD a=E7ar. (A) = kontakt=F6r=FC ve=20 dolay=FDs=FDyla yard=FDmc=FD sarg=FD devreden =E7=FDkar. Durdurma = butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar=20 motor ana sarg=FDyla d=F6nmeye devam eder. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_159=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 189.75pt; HEIGHT: 195.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1056" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image134.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D253 height=3D261 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image134.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_159"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_160=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 272.25pt; HEIGHT: 316.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1055" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image135.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D363 height=3D422 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image135.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_160"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.15 Bir fazl=FD asenkron motora yol = veren g=FC=E7 ve=20 kumanda devresi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.7   =DE=D6NT MOTORLARA YOL = VERME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.7.1  Bir Kademeli Yol = Verme</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.16=92da bir =FE=F6nt motora bir kadem = diren=E7le yol=20 vermeye ait ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu devrede motorun = maksimum momentle=20 yol almas=FDn=FD sa=F0lamak i=E7in, =FE=F6nt sarg=FD devaml=FD olarak = =FEebekeye ba=F0l=FD tutulur. Bu=20 devrenin en b=FCy=FCk =F6zelli=F0i, ba=F0lant=FDda zaman r=F6lesinin = kullan=FDlmam=FD=FE olmas=FDd=FDr.=20 Zaman r=F6lesinin g=F6revini bu ba=F0lant=FDda (A) kontakt=F6r=FC=20 yapar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.16=92daki devrede ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FC=FDnda,=20 (M) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. (M) m=FCh=FCrleme konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr = ve s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FEma=20 sa=F0lan=FDr. G=FC=E7 devresinde (M) konta=F0=FD kapan=FDnca, end=FCvi = yol verme direnci=20 =FCzerinden =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Yol verme direncindeki gerilim = d=FC=FE=FCm=FC nedeniyle,=20 motor d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimle yol almaya ba=FElar. Devir say=FDs=FD = y=FCkseldik=E7e, end=FCv=FCdeki=20 z=FDt E.M.K da artar. Yol vermenin uygun bir an=FDnda, end=FCv=FCdeki = z=FDt E.M.K=20 nedeniyle (A) kontakt=F6r=FC =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. (A) konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr = ve (RY) yol verme direnci=20 k=FDsa devre olur. End=FCvi normal =FEebeke gerilimine ba=F0lan=FDr. = Durdurma butonuna=20 bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar, motor normal =FEebeke geriliminde = =E7al=FD=FE=FDr.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_161=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 168pt; HEIGHT: 118.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1054" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image136.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D224 height=3D158 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image136.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_161"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.16 Kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde g=F6r=FClen yol verme devresi, = =F6nceki incelenen yol=20 verme devrelerinden olduk=E7a farkl=FD =E7al=FD=FE=FDr. =D6rne=F0in = diren=E7le yol verme=20 devresinde, yol verme diren=E7leri belirli zaman aral=FDklar=FDyla = devreden=20 =E7=FDkart=FDl=FDrlar. Diren=E7lerin devreden =E7=FDkma zaman=FDn=FD, = zaman r=F6leleri belirler.=20 =DEekildeki devrede yol verme direncinin devreden =E7=FDkmas=FD, motorun = devir say=FDs=FDna=20 ba=F0l=FDd=FDr. =DEebeke geriliminin d=FC=FEmesi ve motor milindeki = y=FCk=FCn artmas=FD nedeniyle=20 motorun yol almas=FD gecikirse, yol verme direncinin devreden = =E7=FDkmas=FD da gecikir.=20 B=F6ylece motora daha d=FCzg=FCn bir =FEekilde yol verilmesi = sa=F0lanm=FD=FE=20 olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">4.7.2  =DC=E7 Kademeli Yol = Verme</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde bir =FE=F6nt motora =FC=E7 kademe = diren=E7le yol vermeye=20 ait ba=F0lant=FD =FEemas=FD verilmi=FEtir. Bu devrede kullan=FDlan (D), = (E), (F) r=F6leleri=20 motorun devir say=FDs=FDna ba=F0l=FD olarak enerjilenirler. Motorun = maksimum momentle=20 yol almas=FDn=FD sa=F0lamak i=E7in, =FE=F6nt sarg=FD =FEebekeye = ba=F0l=FD tutulur ve (P1) devir ayar=20 reostas=FD normalde kapal=FD (C) konta=F0=FD ile k=FDsa devre edilir. = =DE=F6nt sarg=FDdan ge=E7en=20 ak=FDm=FDn kesilmesinden do=F0an ind=FCksiyon gerilimi, (VR1) = varist=F6r=FCyle s=F6nd=FCr=FCl=FCr.=20 Direnci, u=E7lar=FDndaki gerilimle ters orant=FDl=FD olarak de=F0i=FEen = elemana varist=F6r ad=FD=20 verilir. Varist=F6r=FCn u=E7lar=FDndaki gerilim b=FCy=FCd=FC=F0=FCnde, = varist=F6r=FCn direnci =E7ok=20 azal=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekildeki devrede =FE=F6nt sarg=FDda do=F0an = ind=FCksiyon=20 geriliminin de=F0eri =E7ok b=FCy=FCk oldu=F0undan, bu gerilime ba=F0l=FD = bulunan varist=F6r=FCn=20 direnci =E7ok k=FC=E7=FCl=FCr. Do=F0an ind=FCksiyon gerilimi, varist=F6r = =FCzerinden k=FDsa devre=20 olur dolay=FDs=FDyla kolayca s=F6ner.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekilde verilen devrede ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda=20 (M) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. Kapanan (M) m=FCh=FCrleme konta=F0=FD = devrenin s=FCrekli=20 =E7al=FD=FEmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. G=FC=E7 devresinde (M) konta=F0=FD = kapan=FDnca, end=FCvi yol verme=20 diren=E7lerinin =FCzerinden =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Yol verme = diren=E7lerindeki gerilim=20 d=FC=FE=FCmleri nedeniyle, motor d=FC=FE=FCk gerilimde yol almaya = ba=FElar. End=FCvinin devir=20 say=FDs=FD ve end=FCvide do=F0an z=FDt E.M.K gittik=E7e y=FCkselir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">End=FCvideki z=FDt E.M.K =FEebeke geriliminin = %50 de=F0erine=20 ula=FEt=FD=F0=FDnda , (D) r=F6lesi enerjilenir. (D) konta=F0=FD = kapan=FDr ve (A) kontakt=F6r=FC=20 devreye ba=F0lan=FDr. Kapanan (A) konta=F0=FD (R1) yol verme direncini = k=FDsa devre eder.=20 End=FCviden ge=E7en ak=FDm ve meydana gelen d=F6nd=FCrme momenti=20 artar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">End=FCvinin devir say=FDs=FD ve end=FCvide = do=F0an z=FDt E.M.K=20 y=FCkselir. End=FCvide do=F0an z=FDt E.M.K =FEebeke geriliminin %70 ine = ula=FEt=FD=F0=FDnda, (E)=20 r=F6lesi enerjilenir. (E) konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr ve (B) kontakt=F6r=FC = devreye ba=F0lan=FDr.=20 Kapanan (B) konta=F0=FD (R2) yol verme direncini k=FDsa devre eder. = End=FCviden ge=E7en=20 ak=FDm ve bu ak=FDm=FDn yaratt=FD=F0=FD d=F6nd=FCrme momenti artar. = Motorun devir say=FDs=FD ve=20 end=FCvide do=F0an z=FDt E.M.K y=FCkselir. End=FCvide do=F0an z=FDt = E.M.K =FEebeke geriliminin=20 %85'ine ula=FEt=FD=F0=FDnda (F) r=F6lesi enerjilenir.(F) konta=F0=FD = kapan=FDr ve (C) kontakt=F6r=FC=20 devreye ba=F0lan=FDr. Kapanan (C) konta=F0=FD (R3) yol verme direncini = k=FDsa devre eder.=20 B=F6ylece end=FCvi normal =FEebeke gerilimine = ba=F0lan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_162=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1053" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image137.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image137.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_162"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 4.17 Kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorun normal geriliminde =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD, = durdurma butonuna=20 bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar devam eder. (C) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenince, = normalde kapal=FD (C)=20 konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. (P1) devir ayar reostas=FD =FE=F6nt sarg=FDya = ba=F0lan=FDr. Motorun devir=20 say=FDs=FD =F6nceki ayarland=FD=F0=FD de=F0ere y=FCkselir. Yol verme = diren=E7leri, motorun devir=20 say=FDs=FDna ba=F0l=FD olarak devreden = =E7=FDkarlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">B=D6L=DCM 5</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">FRENLEME TEKN=DDKLER=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.1   GENEL = B=DDLG=DDLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Durdurulacak motoru daha k=FDsa zamanda = durdurmada veya=20 y=FCk=FCn yer =E7ekimi nedeniyle motorun devrinin artmas=FDna sebep = oldu=F0u anlarda=20 elektriksel frenleme yap=FDl=FDr. Elektriksel frenleme de mekanik, = dinamik ve ani=20 frenleme olarak =FC=E7e ayr=FDl=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_163=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 336pt; HEIGHT: 150pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1052" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image138.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D448 height=3D200 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image138.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_163"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.1 Mekanik frenleme i=E7in g=FC=E7=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_164=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 336pt; HEIGHT: 150pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1051" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image138.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D448 height=3D200 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image138.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_164"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.2 Dinamik frenleme i=E7in g=FC=E7=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Mekanik frenleme, motor kasna=F0=FDn=FDn iki = balata ile=20 s=FDk=FDlmas=FD nedeniyle balatal=FD frenleme olarak da an=FDl=FDr. Ani = frenleme ve dinamik=20 frenleme ise tamamen elektriksel yolla ger=E7ekle=FEtirilir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.2   MEKAN=DDK = FRENLEME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motorun frenlenmesi i=E7in motor = kasna=F0=FDn=FDn iki balata ile=20 s=FDk=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmas=FDna balatal=FD veya mekanik frenleme denilir. = =DEekilde g=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi=20 enerjisiz durumda motor miline ba=F0l=FD volan (b=FCy=FCk demir disk) = balata taraf=FDndan=20 A yay=FD vas=FDtas=FDyla s=FDk=FDl=FDr ve volan=FDn d=F6nmesi = engellenir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_165=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 184.5pt; HEIGHT: 183pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1050" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image139.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D246 height=3D244 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image139.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_165"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.3 Mekanik frenlemeye ait g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_166=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 285pt; HEIGHT: 126pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1049" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image140.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D380 height=3D168 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image140.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_166"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.4 Mekanik frenlemeyle durdurulan=20 motor<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor enerjilendirildi=F0inde ayn=FD anda fren = bobini de=20 enerjilenmi=FE olaca=F0=FD i=E7in balata mekanizmas=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve = motor hareket etmeye=20 ba=FElar. Motorun enerjisi kesildi=F0inde fren bobininin de enerjisi de = kesilece=F0i=20 i=E7in balata mekanizmas=FD tekrar volan=FD s=FDkarak motorun = d=F6nmesini engellemi=FE olur.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Mekanik frenlemede balataya s=FCrt=FCnmeden = dolay=FD toz ve=20 koku meydana gelir. Bundan dolay=FD genellikle insans=FDz ortamlarda = kullan=FDl=FDr.=20 Asans=F6r ya da vin=E7 gibi sistemlerde motorlar=FDn kapal=FD alanda = frenlenmesi i=E7in=20 tercih edilirler. Balatal=FD fren bobinleri alternatif ak=FDmla = kullan=FDlabilse de,=20 genellikle do=F0ru ak=FDmda kullan=FDl=FDrlar.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.3   D=DDNAM=DDK = FRENLEME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Hareket eden bir cismin =FCzerindeki y=FCk = artt=FDr=FDl=FDrsa o=20 cismin h=FDz=FD da gittik=E7e azalacakt=FDr. =D6rne=F0in, =E7al=FD=FEan = bir generat=F6r y=FCklendik=E7e,=20 generat=F6r=FCn devir say=FDs=FD da d=FC=FEer. Bir do=F0ru ak=FDm motoru = =E7al=FD=FE=FDrken end=FCvisi=20 =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDrsa, =FCzerindeki kinetik enerji nedeniyle, bu = enerji s=FDf=FDrlanana=20 dek end=FCvi bir s=FCre daha d=F6nmeye devam eder. E=F0er motorun = milinde y=FCk yoksa ve=20 s=FCrt=FCnme vantilasyon kay=FDplar=FD da k=FC=E7=FCkse motorun durma = s=FCresi de uzar.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">End=FCvi kendi kendine d=F6nerken, kutuplar da = manyetik alan=20 yaratmaya devam ederlerse, motorun end=FCvi iletkenlerinde gerilim = ind=FCklenir.=20 Yani motor dinamo gibi =E7al=FD=FEmaya ba=FElar. Dinamo gibi = =E7al=FD=FEan motor, diren=E7le=20 y=FCklenirse, d=F6nmekte olan end=FCvi daha =E7abuk durur. Bu = =FEekildeki frenlemeye de=20 dinamik frenleme ad=FD verilir. Tamamen elektriksel yolla = ger=E7ekle=FEtirilir.=20 Dinamik frenleme y=F6nteminde rotordaki kinetik enerji elektriksel = olarak harcan=FDr=20 ve rotorun frenlenmesi sa=F0lan=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_167=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1048" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image137.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image137.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_167"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.5 Dinamik frenlemeyi g=F6steren = animasyonun=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_168=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 195.75pt; HEIGHT: 164.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1047" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image141.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D261 height=3D219 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image141.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_168"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_169=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 256.5pt; HEIGHT: 141pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1046" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image142.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D342 height=3D188 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image142.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_169"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.6 Dinamik frenlemenin g=FC=E7 ve = kumanda=20 devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekildeki devrede ba=FElatma butonuna = bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda motor=20 d=F6nmeye ba=FElar. M kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilendi=F0inde kendisine ait M = konta=F0=FD kapanarak=20 m=FCh=FCrlemeyi sa=F0lar ve d=F6nme i=FEinde s=FCreklilik ba=FElar. = Hareketin herhangi bir=20 an=FDnda Fren butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda motora giden enerji kesilir = ve enerji alt kolu=20 takip ederek zaman r=F6lesiyle fren kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC aktif hale=20 getirir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu frenleme i=FElemi zaman r=F6lesinin = sayaca=F0=FD s=FCre boyunca=20 devam eder. Bu esnada F konta=F0=FD m=FCh=FCrleme yaparak enerjinin = s=FCrekli bu kesime=20 akmas=FDn=FD sa=F0lar. Zaman r=F6lesinin saymas=FD bitti=F0inde = gecikmeli a=E7=FDlan zaman=20 r=F6lesi konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve frenleme kesimine enerjinin = ula=FEmas=FDn=FD engeller.=20 B=F6ylece zaman r=F6lesinin sayd=FD=F0=FD s=FCre boyunca frenleme = ger=E7ekle=FEtirilmi=FE=20 olur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.3.1  Frenleme Gerilimi ve Diren=E7=20 Hesab=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Frenleme gerilimi hesab=FD yap=FDl=FDrken = =F6nce frenlenecek=20 motorun bir faz sarg=FDs=FD omik direnci =F6l=E7=FCl=FCr. Motorun = ba=F0lant=FD =FEekline g=F6re=20 hesap =FEu =FEekilde yap=FDl=FDr. Motor y=FDld=FDz ba=F0l=FD ise =DEekil = 5.7, motor =FC=E7gen ba=F0l=FD=20 ise =DEekil 5.8=92deki gibi hesaplamalar = ger=E7ekle=FEtirilir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_170=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 268.5pt; HEIGHT: 164.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1045" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image143.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D358 height=3D219 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image143.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_170"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.7 Y=FDld=FDz ba=F0l=FD motorda=20 hesaplamalar<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Burada dikkat edilecek nokta frenleme = ak=FDm=FDn=FDn sarg=FDlara=20 zarar vermeyecek de=F0erde olmas=FDd=FDr. Frenlemenin daha kuvvetli = olmas=FDn=FD=20 istiyorsak frenleme ak=FDm=FD olarak y=FDld=FDz ak=FDm=FDn=FDn = se=E7ilmesidir. Frenleme s=FCresi=20 k=FDsa oldu=F0undan sarg=FDlar zarar g=F6rmeyecektir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_171=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 168pt; HEIGHT: 150.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1044" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image144.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D224 height=3D201 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image144.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_171"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.7 =DC=E7gen ba=F0l=FD motorda=20 hesaplamalar<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=D6rne=F0in, etiketinde 220/380V, 1.73/1A = yaz=FDl=FD 3 fazl=FD bir=20 asenkron motorun U-X u=E7lar=FDna 10V DC gerilim uygulanm=FD=FE ve = devreye ba=F0l=FD=20 ampermetreden 0.5A okunmu=FEtur. Bu motor i=E7in frenleme gerilimini = hesaplay=FDn=FDz.=20 (Motor fazlar aras=FD gerilimi 380V olan =FEebekeye ba=F0lanacakt=FDr.) = Bu motorun=20 y=FDld=FDz ba=F0lanmas=FD gerekir. Buna g=F6re; <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">UF =3D (I / 1,11)*(3R / 2) <BR>UF =3D (1 / = 1,11)*(3 / 2)*(10=20 / 0.5) <BR>UF =3D 27V olarak bulunur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.3.2  DC Motorlarda Dinamik=20 Frenleme</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">DC motorlar=FDn frenlenmesindeki prensip AC = motorlar=FDn=20 frenlenmesi prensibi ile ayn=FDd=FDr. Ancak burada frenleme direnci = kullan=FDlarak=20 frenleme ak=FDm=FDn=FDn belli bir de=F0erin =FCst=FCne =E7=FDkmas=FD = =F6nlenir. B=F6ylece f=FDr=E7alar=FDn,=20 kollekt=F6r=FCn ve sarg=FDlar=FDn zarar g=F6rmesi =F6nlenir. AC = motorlarda rotor =E7ubuklar=FD=20 ge=E7ecek b=FCy=FCk de=F0erli ak=FDmlara dayanabildi=F0i i=E7in bir = sak=FDnca=20 yoktur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_172=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1043" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_172"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.8 DC motorda frenleme i=E7in = ba=F0lant=FD=20 =FEekli<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir DC motorun end=FCvi ak=FDm=FD kesildikten = sonra end=FCkt=F6r=20 ak=FDm=FD devam ettirilirse DC motor generat=F6r gibi =E7al=FD=FEmaya = ba=FElar. Bu durumda=20 end=FCvi =FD=E7lar=FD aras=FDna bir y=FCk (diren=E7) ba=F0lanan=FDrsa bu = y=FCkten ge=E7en ak=FDma ba=F0l=FD=20 olarak motorun devir say=FDs=FD h=FDzla azalacak ve=20 frenlenecektir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.4   AN=DD FRENLEME</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Motor bir y=F6nde d=F6nerken =FEebekeden = ayr=FDl=FDr ve ters y=F6nde=20 d=F6necek =FEekilde hemen =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDrsa motorda ters y=F6nde = bir d=F6nd=FCrme=20 momenti meydana gelir. Devir say=FDs=FD h=FDzla azal=FDr ve s=FDf=FDr = olur.Motor ters y=F6nde=20 d=F6nmeden =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDrsa frenlenmi=FE veya ani olarak = durdurulmu=FE olunur. Bu=20 tip elektriksel frenlemeye ani durdurma denir. Bir motora ani durdurma = i=FElemi=20 uygulanmadan =F6nce motorun yol alma karakteristi=F0inin ve ba=F0l=FD = oldu=F0u tezgah=FDn=20 durumunun iyice incelenmesi gerekir. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.4.1  =DC=E7 Fazl=FD Asenkron = Motorlar=FDn Ani=20 Frenlemesi</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bu devrede ileri butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, = (I) kontakt=F6r=FC=20 enerjilenir. Normalde kapal=FD (I) konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr, normalde = a=E7=FDk (I) kontaklar=FD=20 kapan=FDr. Motor ileri y=F6nde d=F6nmeye ba=FElar. (A) ani durdurma = anahtar=FDn=FDn ileri=20 d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCndeki konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr. Normalde kapal=FD olan = (I) konta=F0=FD a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FDndan,=20 bu durumda (G) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenmez. (R) faz=FDndan gelen ak=FDm = (A) ani durdurma=20 anahtar=FDn=FDn ileri d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCndeki konta=F0=FDndan, geri = butonu =FCst kontaklar=FDndan ve=20 normalde kapal=FD (G) konta=F0=FDndan ge=E7erek (I) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC = s=FCrekli olarak=20 =E7al=FD=FEt=FDr=FDr. B=F6ylece motor ileri y=F6nde s=FCrekli olarak = d=F6ner. Motorun ileri=20 y=F6ndeki d=F6n=FC=FE=FC, durdurma butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar devam = eder.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_173=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 162pt; HEIGHT: 160.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1042" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image145.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D216 height=3D214 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image145.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_173"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_174=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 159.75pt; HEIGHT: 282pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1041" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image146.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D213 height=3D376 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image146.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_174"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.9 G=FC=E7 ve kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Durdurma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (I) = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn=20 enerjisi kesilir. G=FC=E7 devresinde (I) kontaklar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr ve = motor =FEebekeden=20 ayr=FDl=FDr. Kumanda devresinde a=E7=FDlm=FD=FE olan (I) konta=F0=FD = kapan=FDr. Rotor ileri=20 d=F6nmekte oldu=F0undan, (A) ani durdurma anahtar=FDn=FDn ileri = d=F6n=FC=FE y=F6n=FCndeki konta=F0=FD=20 kapal=FD kal=FDr. Bu kontak ve normalde kapal=FD (I) konta=F0=FD = =FCzerinden ge=E7en ak=FDm (G)=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjilendirir. G=FC=E7 devresinde (G) kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDr. =DDki faz=FDn=20 yeri de=F0i=FEmi=FE olarak, motor tekrar =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Rotoru = ileri y=F6nde=20 d=F6nmekte olan motorda, ters y=F6nde bir d=F6nd=FCrme momenti meydana = gelir. Devir=20 say=FDs=FD h=FDzla d=FC=FEer ve s=FDf=FDr olur. Ani durdurma anahtar=FD = normal konumuna d=F6ner.=20 (G) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn enerjisi kesilir. Motor =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDr. = Ters y=F6nde d=F6nmeye=20 ba=FElamadan motor ani olarak durmu=FE olur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">5.4.2  DC Motorlar=FDn Ani = Frenlemesi</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">DC motorlar=FDnda ani olarak durdurulmas=FDnda = ani durdurma=20 anahtar=FD veya r=F6leleri kullan=FDl=FDr. Ani durdurmada, end=FCvide = ind=FCklenen gerilim=20 (z=FDt E.M.K) =FEebeke gerilimine eklenir.Bu nedenle motor =FEebekeden = yol alma ak=FDm=FDn=20 iki kat=FDna yak=FDn ak=FDm =E7eker. Bu ak=FDm=FD s=FDn=FDrland=FDrmak = i=E7in, devrede (Rf) ani=20 durdurma direnci kullan=FDl=FDr. (Rf) ani durdurma direncinin de=F0eri = yakla=FE=FDk olarak=20 (Ry) yol verme direncini iki kat=FDna e=FEittir. Ani durdurmay=FD = otomatik olarak=20 ger=E7ekle=FEtirmek i=E7in, devrede otomatik =E7al=FD=FEan bir anahtar = kullan=FDl=FDr. (A) harfi=20 ile i=FEaretlenmi=FE bu anahtar, mildeki s=FCrt=FCnme kuvvetiyle veya = merkezka=E7=20 kuvvetiyle =E7al=FD=FE=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_175=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1040" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_175"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 5.10 Kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Yol verme momentinin y=FCksek olmas=FDn=FD = sa=F0lamak i=E7in=20 devrede =FE=F6nt sarg=FD devaml=FD olarak =FEebekeye ba=F0l=FD olarak = tutulur. Bu devrede=20 ba=FElatma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (M) kontakt=F6r=FC = enerjilenir. Kapanan (M) konta=F0=FD=20 ba=FElatma butonunu m=FCh=FCrler ve s=FCrekli =E7al=FD=FEmay=FD = sa=F0lar. G=FC=E7 devresinde (M)=20 kontaklar=FD kapan=FDr. End=FCvi =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. End=FCviden = yukar=FDdan a=FEa=F0=FDya olmak=20 =FCzere bir ak=FDm ge=E7er. Motor =FEekilde g=F6sterilen y=F6nde = d=F6ner. Mildeki s=FCrt=FCnme=20 veya merkezka=E7 kuvveti nedeniyle, (A) ani durdurma anahtar=FD = kapan=FDr. Normalde=20 kapal=FD (M) konta=F0=FD =F6nceden a=E7=FDld=FD=F0=FDndan, bu durumda = (G) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenmez.=20 Motor =E7al=FD=FEmas=FD durdurma butonuna bas=FDl=FDncaya kadar devam = eder.=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Durdurma butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda, (M) = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn ak=FDm=FD=20 kesilir ve end=FCvi =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDr. =D6nceden a=E7=FDlm=FD=FE = olan (M) konta=F0=FD kapan=FDr.=20 Ataleti nedeniyle end=FCvi d=F6nmekte oldu=F0undan, (A) ani durdurma = anahtar=FD kapal=FD=20 kal=FDr. Bu nedenle (G) kontakt=F6r=FC enerjilenir. (G) kontaklar=FD = kapan=FDr ve end=FCvi=20 tekrar =FEebekeye ba=F0lan=FDr. Bu durumda end=FCviden a=FEa=F0=FDdan = yukar=FDya olmak =FCzere bir=20 ak=FDm ge=E7er. Bu ak=FDm ters y=F6nde bir d=F6nd=FCrme momenti = yarat=FDr. Ok y=F6n=FCnde d=F6nen=20 end=FCvinin devir say=FDs=FD h=FDzla d=FC=FEer. Devir say=FDs=FD = s=FDf=FDr oldu=F0unda, (A) ani=20 durdurma anahtar=FD a=E7=FDl=FDr. (G) kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn enerjisi = kesilir. (G) kontaklar=FD=20 a=E7=FDl=FDr ve end=FCvi =FEebekeden ayr=FDl=FDr. Motor ters y=F6nde = d=F6nmeden, =E7ok k=FDsa bir=20 zaman i=E7inde durdurulmu=FE olur. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">B=D6L=DCM 6</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=D6RNEKLER</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">6.1   MA=D0AZA KAPISI = PROBLEM=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir ma=F0aza kap=FDs=FDn=FDn otomatik olarak = a=E7=FDl=FDp kapanmas=FD=20 istenmektedir. Temel =FEartlar =FEunlard=FDr; <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kap=FDya = herhangi bir=20 cisim yakla=FEt=FD=F0=FDnda kap=FD a=E7=FDlacak, <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Cisim = i=E7eri=20 girdikten sonra kapanacak, <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kap=FD = kapanmak=20 =FCzereyken yeni bir cisim gelirse yeniden = a=E7=FDlacak,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">G=F6r=FCld=FC=F0=FC gibi, bir d=F6n=FC=FE = y=F6n=FC de=F0i=FEtirme ve hareket=20 alg=FDlama sistemi mevcuttur. Devrenin kurulmas=FDnda yak=FEal=FDm = sens=F6r=FC (YS), s=FDn=FDr=20 anahtar=FD (SA) ve =FEalterlerden (Ana =DEalter) faydalan=FDlacakt=FDr. = =DC=E7=FCnc=FC b=F6l=FCmde=20 temel prensipleri anlat=FDlan bu sistemin g=FC=E7 ve kumanda devresi = =FEu =FEekilde=20 =E7izilmelidir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_176=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 187.5pt; HEIGHT: 102pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1039" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image147.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D250 height=3D136 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image147.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_176"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.1 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_177=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 373.5pt; HEIGHT: 338.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1038" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image148.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D498 height=3D451 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image148.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_177"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.2 =DDstenen kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Devrede yakla=FE=FDm sens=F6r=FCne bir cisim = geldi=F0inde, sens=F6r=20 cismi alg=FDlayarak konta=F0=FDn=FD kapat=FDr. Enerji =FCstteki yoldan = ge=E7erek ileri=20 hareketi sa=F0layacak olan I kontakt=F6r=FCne ula=FE=FDr ve kap=FD = a=E7=FDlmaya ba=FElar. Bu=20 s=FDrada alttaki yolun enerjisi de ileri hareketi sa=F0layan = kontakt=F6r=FCn (I),=20 normalde kapal=FD konta=F0=FD sayesinde kesilmi=FEtir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayn=FD =FEekilde kap=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FD = esnas=FDnda da e=F0er cisim=20 sens=F6rden uzakla=FEt=FDysa kontaklar konum de=F0i=FEtirir ve bu sefer = alttaki yol=20 =FCzerinden enerji ge=E7erek kap=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FDn=FD sa=F0layacak = olan geri hareket=20 kontakt=F6r=FC aktif hale gelir. Bu s=FDrada =FCstteki yolun enerjisi de = geri hareketi=20 sa=F0layan kontakt=F6r=FCn (G), normalde kapal=FD konta=F0=FD sayesinde=20 kesilmi=FEtir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_178=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 136.5pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1037" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D182 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image104.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_178"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.3 Ma=F0aza kap=FDs=FD probleminin = animasyondaki=20 g=F6sterimi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">6.2   GARAJ KAPISI = PROBLEM=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir garaj kap=FDs=FDn=FDn tek butonla = a=E7=FDl=FDp kapanmas=FD=20 istenmektedir. Temel =FEartlar =FEunlard=FDr; <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">A=E7ma ve = kapama=20 i=FElemini tek bir buton sa=F0layacak,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">=C7al=FD=FEman=FDn herhangi=20 bir an=FDnda ana =FEalterden enerji kesilirse hareket = duracak,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-LEFT: 58.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; = LINE-HEIGHT: 20.4pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: = auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><![if = !supportLists]><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; = mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; = mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-list: Ignore">=A7<SPAN style=3D"FONT: 7pt 'Times New = Roman'"> =20 </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><![endif]><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Devrenin=20 kurulmas=FDnda buton, kontak, kontakt=F6r, s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD (SA) ve = =FEalterlerden (Ana=20 =DEalter) faydalan=FDlacakt=FDr. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_179=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 195.75pt; HEIGHT: 135.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1036" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image149.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D261 height=3D181 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image149.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_179"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.4 G=FC=E7 = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_180=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 356.25pt; HEIGHT: 201.75pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1035" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image150.jpg"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D475 height=3D269 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image150.jpg" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_180"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.5 =DDstenen kumanda devresi = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DC=E7=FCnc=FC b=F6l=FCmde temel prensipleri = anlat=FDlan bu sistemin=20 g=FC=E7 ve kumanda devresi =DEekil 6.4 ve =DEekil 6.5=92te=20 g=F6r=FClmektedir.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Devrede butona bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda =FCst yol = =FCzerinden SA2 ve K=20 kontaklar=FD =FCzerinden ge=E7en enerji kap=FDn=FDn a=E7=FDlmas=FD = i=E7in hareketi sa=F0layan A=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC aktif hale getirir ve kap=FD a=E7=FDlmaya ba=FElar. = Kap=FDn=FDn a=E7=FDlmas=FDyla=20 birlikte, s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD SA1 ve SA2'nin kontaklar=FD konum = de=F0i=FEtirir. Buton=20 b=FDrak=FDlsa bile A konta=F0=FDn=FDn m=FCh=FCrlemesi =FCzerinden enerji = ge=E7i=FEi sa=F0lan=FDr. Bu=20 s=FDrada alttaki yolun enerjisi de ileri hareketi sa=F0layan A = kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn,=20 normalde kapal=FD konta=F0=FD sayesinde kesilmi=FEtir. = <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ayn=FD =FEekilde kap=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FD = esnas=FDnda da yeniden=20 butona bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda enerji alt yolu izleyerek devam eder. SA2, = SA1 ve A=20 kontaklar=FD =FCzerinden ge=E7erek kap=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FDn=FD = sa=F0layacak olan K kontakt=F6r=FC=20 aktif hale gelir. Kap=FDn=FDn kapanmas=FDyla birlikte, s=FDn=FDr = anahtar=FD SA1 ve SA2'nin=20 kontaklar=FD konum de=F0i=FEtirir. Bu s=FDrada =FCstteki yolun enerjisi = de kapama i=FEini=20 sa=F0layan K kontakt=F6r=FCn=FCn, normalde kapal=FD konta=F0=FD = sayesinde kesilmi=FEtir.=20 Herhangi bir zamanda kap=FDya m=FCdahale etmek i=E7in devrede bir ana = =FEalter yer=20 almaktad=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_181=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 107.25pt; HEIGHT: 153pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1034" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image151.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D143 height=3D204 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image151.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_181"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.6 Garaj kap=FDs=FD probleminin = animasyondaki=20 g=F6sterimi <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">6.3   SU TANKI = PROBLEM=DD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Bir su tank=FDn=FDn i=E7indeki s=FDv=FDn=FDn = belirli s=FCre=20 kar=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmas=FD istenmektedir. Bunun i=E7in gereken =FEartlar=20 =FEunlard=FDr;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">- Start butonuna bas=FDnca, belirlenen seviyeye = kadar tanka=20 s=FDv=FD dolacak,<BR>- =DDstenen seviyeye gelindi=F0inde s=FDv=FD dolma = i=FEi kesilecek,<BR>-=20 S=FDv=FD doldu=F0unda kar=FD=FEt=FDr=FDc=FD devreye girerek 4 saniye = boyunca s=FDv=FDy=FD=20 kar=FD=FEt=FDracak,<BR>- 4 saniye sonunda s=FDv=FD bo=FEalt=FDlmaya = ba=FElanacak,<BR>- Bo=FEalt=FDm=20 i=FEi bitti=F0inde yeniden Start butonuna bas=FDl=FDrsa ayn=FD = i=FElemler tekrar=20 edecek,<BR>- =C7al=FD=FEman=FDn herhangi bir an=FDnda Stop butonuna = bas=FDl=FDrsa i=FElem=20 kald=FD=F0=FD yerde duracak.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Devrede start butonuna bas=FDld=FD=F0=FDnda = motor enerjilenecek=20 ve M konta=F0=FDn=FDn m=FCh=FCrlenmesiyle s=FCrekli olarak = =E7al=FD=FEacakt=FDr. Gelen enerji ile=20 muslu=F0a ba=F0l=FD A kontakt=F6r=FC de enerjilenecek ve tanka s=FDv=FD = ak=FD=FE=FD ba=FElayacakt=FDr.=20 S=FDv=FD miktar=FD =FCst s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD =DCSA=92ya = ula=FEt=FD=F0=FDnda =DCSA konum de=F0i=FEtirip=20 enerjisini keserek A =FCzerinden s=FDv=FD ak=FD=FE=FD engellenecek ve = kar=FD=FEt=FDrma motoruna=20 ait KM kontakt=F6r=FC devreye girip tank i=E7indeki s=FDv=FD = kar=FD=FEt=FDr=FDlmaya=20 ba=FElanacakt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">D=F6rt saniye sayan zaman r=F6lesi sayma = i=FEini bitirdikten=20 sonra kontaklar=FDna konum de=F0i=FEtirtecek ve bo=FEaltma muslu=F0una = ba=F0l=FD B=20 kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjileyerek s=FDv=FDn=FDn bo=FEalt=FDlmas=FDn=FD = sa=F0layacakt=FDr. S=FDv=FD=20 bo=FEald=FDktan sonra alt s=FDn=FDr anahtar=FD ASA=92n=FDn konta=F0=FD = da konum de=F0i=FEtirerek=20 C  kontakt=F6r=FCn=FC enerjileyip devre giri=FEindeki C = konta=F0=FDn=FDn atmas=FDn=FD=20 sa=F0lay=FDp i=FElemin sonlanmas=FDn=FD sa=F0layacakt=FDr. =DD=FElemin = herhangi bir an=FDnda stop=20 butonuna bas=FDl=FDrsa =E7al=FD=FEma duracak, i=FElem sonunda yeniden = start butonuna=20 bas=FDl=FDrsa anlat=FDlan ad=FDmlar = tekrarlanacakt=FDr.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666; mso-no-proof: yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape=20 id=3DResim_x0020_182=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 246pt; HEIGHT: 217.5pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1033" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"><v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image152.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D328 height=3D290 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image152.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_182"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">  <SPAN style=3D"mso-no-proof: = yes"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3DResim_x0020_183=20 style=3D"VISIBILITY: visible; WIDTH: 440.25pt; HEIGHT: 221.25pt; = mso-wrap-style: square"=20 o:spid=3D"_x0000_i1032" type =3D "#_x0000_t75" coordsize =3D = "21600,21600" alt =3D=20 "Image"> <v:imagedata o:title=3D"Image" src =3D=20 "kumanda_dosyalar/image153.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if= !vml]><img width=3D587 height=3D295 src=3D"kumanda_dosyalar/image153.gif" alt=3DImage = v:shapes=3D"Resim_x0020_183"><![endif]></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.6 G=FC=E7 ve kumanda = devresi<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">=DEekil 6.6 Su tank=FD probleminin = animasyondaki g=F6sterimi=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">KAYNAKLAR</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Ders Notlar=FD</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">[1]   Erdal H. : Marmara = =DCniversitesi Teknik=20 E=F0itim Fak=FCltesi, <I>Elektronik-Bilgisayar E=F0itimi B=F6l=FCm=FC = Ders Notlar=FD</I>,=20 =DDstanbul, T=FCrkiye, (2003)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Kitaplar</SPAN></B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: = #666666">=20 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">[1]   Badur, =D6. : "Elektrik Kumanda = Devreleri"=20 Milli E=F0itim Bakanl=FD=F0=FD Ders Kitaplar=FD, =DDstanbul, T=FCrkiye, = (2001) 13 =96=20 142.<BR>[2]   Badur, =D6. ; Ba=FEo=F0lu, =C7. ; =DEener, T. : = "End=FCstriyel=20 Elektrik", Milli E=F0itim Bakanl=FD=F0=FD Ders Kitaplar=FD, =DDstanbul, = T=FCrkiye, (1988) 114=20 =96 219.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Tezler</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">[1]   Alt=FDkarde=FE, Z.A : "Lojik = Devreler Dersinin=20 =DDnternet Tabanl=FD Sim=FClat=F6rl=FC E=F0itimi", <I>Y=FCksek Lisans = Tezi</I>, Marmara=20 =DCniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstit=FCs=FC,  =DDstanbul, T=FCrkiye, = (2001)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">Elektronik Yay=FDnlar</SPAN></B><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 11.25pt; LINE-HEIGHT: = 21pt"><SPAN=20 style=3D"COLOR: #666666">[1]   http://www.emasas.com.tr = (Eri=FEim tarihi:=20 Mart 2003)<BR>[2]   http://www.festo.com (Eri=FEim tarihi: = Mart 2003)=20 <BR>[3]   http://www.sms-tork.com.tr (Eri=FEim tarihi: Nisan = 2003)=20 <BR>[4]   http://www.siemens.com.tr (Eri=FEim tarihi: Nisan = 2003)=20 <BR>[5]   http://www.schneiderelectric.com.tr (Eri=FEim tarihi: = May=FDs 2003)=20 <BR>[6]   http://egitimciler.com (Eri=FEim tarihi: May=FDs = 2003)=20 <BR>[7]   http://ics.pennnet.com (Eri=FEim tarihi: May=FDs = 2003)=20 <BR>[8]   http://www.controldepot.net (Eri=FEim tarihi: = May=FDs 2003)=20 <BR>[9]   http://www.tpub.com/neets/book5/index.htm (Eri=FEim = tarihi: May=FDs=20 2003) <BR>[10]   http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/projects/rcslib/ = (Eri=FEim=20 tarihi: May=FDs 2003)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: = 'Arial','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20 style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML> ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CBF553.E2990180 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js =0A= (function(){var g=3Dnull,h=3D(new Date).getTime();var = i=3Dthis,aa=3Dfunction(a,b){var c=3Da.split("."),d=3Di;!(c[0]in = d)&&d.execScript&&d.execScript("var "+c[0]);for(var = e;c.length&&(e=3Dc.shift());)!c.length&&b!=3D=3Dvoid = 0?d[e]=3Db:d=3Dd[e]?d[e]:d[e]=3D{}},ba=3Dfunction(a){return = a.call.apply(a.bind,arguments)},ca=3Dfunction(a,b){var = 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